The answer (I believe) is C. Definitely not D, and B. seems unlikely too along with partnerships.
The right answer is poverty. After visiting and working in prisons, asylums and almshouses, among others, Dorothea Dix witnessed that people with mental illnesses that were confined in those places, and treated badly, were also very poor. In fact, in 1854 she even presented before Congress a Bill for the Benefit of the Indigent Insane, which proposed the provision of federal land and funds for the creation of new mental institutions.
Generally speaking, a polis of ancient Greece was a "City State," in which there was a great deal of autonomy and self-governance, which was a goal of many Greek philosophers of the day.
