The correct answer is D) mercantilism.
Under the theory of mercantilism, colonies were allowed to trade only with the home country.
Mercantilism was the economic system that many European countries used in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. It is based on the accumulation of wealth by exporting goods and limit imports with the use of taxes.
After the passing of the Navigation Acts of October 1651, the British limit the American colonies to trade with England, and no other country. Measures like this and other heavy taxation angered the colonies because they had to pay and had no representation in the British Parliament.
The other options were A) annulment. B) the armada. C) Reformation.