In the period from circa 1200 to 1450, African states used their power by keeping their royal leaders.
<u>Explanation</u>:
- The government took action to develop administrative institutions and to centralize power. They listed the necessary things to improve their administrative institutions. The economy of China concentrated on increasing its productive capacity.
- While China has been concentrating on this, African states have been using their powers. Using their royal leaders they have exercised their power. On the other hand, China was doing innovations in agriculture and manufacturing.
Islamic warriors who engage in what they call "jihad" are called Mujaheddin.
<h3>What is Islam?</h3>
Islam refers to the religion followed by people from the Muslim community which means the to service of God. Muslims are secular humanists who believe in a single God known as Allah.
The beliefs of the Islam religion emphasize prayers, they believe in the supreme power of God and show their faith in them. In Islamic law, every community member pays some amount of money to needy and poor people to help them.
Jihad refers to the commitment that all Muslims, including individuals and communities, have to follow and achieve God's will. This will embark to live a happy and fulfilled life and spread the concept of the Islamic community with the help of teaching, training, and educating people.
Learn more about Islam, here:
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1. B - It allows people the freedom to criticize public officials.
When the citizens had the freedom to cricitize its own government, the government would be forced to live up to a certain standard. This would dramatically reduce the complacency within the government body, and the government become more likely to listen and create legislations that satisfy the majority of people.
2. A. Journalists are entitled to cover trials
and
C. It is difficult for public officials to win libel cases.
Through this, the journalist could act as a middle man that connect what happen within the government body, transform it into pieces of information, and give it to the people so we can form our own opinion about it. Difficulties to win libel cases favours journalists because it allow them to criticize public officials without direct threat of of being sued for smearing their name.
The Best Answer.
<span>Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
A cartel formed</span>Six-Day War...Yom Kippur War(RN), , This was a war fought by Israel and neighboring Arab nations where the Arabs launched a surprise attack during Yom Kippur. U.S. support for Israel during the war led to OPEC boycotting the U.S., creating an energy crisis.Rachel Carson...Silent Spring...Earth Day...EPAEnvironmental Protection AgencyClean Air Act1970- law that established national standards for states, strict auto emissions guidelines, and regulations, which set air pollution standardds for private industryEndangered Species Act(1973) identifies threatened and endangered species in the U.S., and puts their protection ahead of economic considerationsThree Mile Island...New Federalism...Stagflation...Deindustrialization...Rust Belt...Tax Revolt...Watergate...CREEPRichard Nixon's committee for re-electing the president. Found to have been engaged in a "dirty tricks" campaign against the democrats in 1972. They raised tens of millions of dollars in campaign funds using unethical means. They were involved in the infamous Watergate cover-up.John MitchellNixon's first attorney general and his close friend and adviser; many people believe he ordered the Watergate break-in. He participated in the cover-up and served nineteen months in prison for his roleWoodward & BernsteinWhich reporters uncovered Watergate and ushered in an explosion of investigative reporting in the United States in the 1970s?Executive PrivilegeAn implied presidential power that allows the president to refuse to disclose information regarding confidential conversations or national security to Congress or the judiciary.US v NixonThe Supreme Court does have the final voice in determining constitutional questions; no person, not even the President of the United States, is completely above law; and the president cannot use executive privilege as an excuse to withhold evidence that is 'demonstrably relevant in a criminal trialSpiro AgnewNixon's vice-president resigned and pleaded "no contest" to charges of tax evasion on payments made to him when he was governor of Maryland. He was replaced by Gerald R. Ford.Gerald Ford(1974-1977), Solely elected by a vote from Congress. He pardoned Nixon of all crimes that he may have committed. Evacuated nearly 500,000 Americans and South Vietnamese from Vietnam, closing the war. We are heading toward rapid inflation. He runs again and debates Jimmy Carter. At the debate he is asked how he would handle the communists in eastern Europe and he said there were none and this apparently sealed his fate.War Powers Act...Freedom of Information Act...Jimmy Carter(1977-1981), Created the Department of Energy and the Depatment of Education. He was criticized for his return of the Panama Canal Zone, and because of the Soviet war in Afghanistan, he enacted an embargo on grain shipments to USSR and boycotted the 1980 Olympics in Moscow and his last year in office was marked by the takeover of the American embassy in Iran, fuel shortages, and the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, which caused him to lose to Ronald Regan in the next election.Iranian Hostage CrisisIn 1979, Iranian fundamentalists seized the American embassy in Tehran and held fifty-three American diplomats hostage for over a year; weakened Carter's presidency; hostages released on Reagan's inauguration.Camp David Accords...Salt IIStrategic Arms Limitation Treaty agreement between Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev and American president Jimmy Carter. Despite an accord to limit weapons between the two leaders, the agreement was ultimately scuttled in the U.S. Senate following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979.Affirmative Action...Bakke v University of California...ERA...Phyllis Schlafly1970s; a new right activist that protested the women's rights acts and movements as defying tradition and natural gender division of labor; demonstrated conservative backlash against the 60sSTOP ERA...Roe v Wade...Harvey Milk1st openly gay politician in Calif.; one of only a very few in the US at the time. Assassinated while in office; Helped to erase the stigma of being openly homosexual.An American FamilyA television show that documented a middle-class white family coping with the stresses of a changing society, captured a Trumatic moment in the 20th century history of the family. Between 1965 and 1985, the divorce rate doubled, and children born in the 1970s had a 40% chance of spending part of their youth in a single-parent householdSexual RevolutionA social outlook that challenges traditional codes of behaviour related to sexuality and interpersonal relationships. The phenomenon took place throughout the Western world from the 1960s into the 1970s.Evangelicalism.
