Answer:
Moral codes and social sanctions
Explanation:
Externality is when the actions of a producer or consumer have an effect on third parties not involved in production or consumption.
Externality can be positive or negative.
Postive externality is when the benefits of economic activities to third parties exceeds the costs.
Negative externality is when the costs of economic activities to third parties exceeds the benefits.
Smoking and littering the environment with cigeratte butts is an example of an activity that generates negative externality.
Sharon's morals and sense of judgement cautioned her against littering with her cigarette butts because she knows such activity is frowned against by the society. So, in this case she is guided by her moral codes.
This is one of the solutions to externality.
Other solutions include:
Taxation
Integration of different types of businesses through merger or acquisition
Contracts
Charities
I hope my answer helps you
Answer:
In this case, the negotiation terms are all confidential and the negotiation for the contract has still been incomplete - not signed yet.
So that when preparing the routine press announcement, the company should consider not providing too specific information, avoiding mentioning confidential details. In the announcement, they should only include information which is general and factual.
Answer:
1. Internet - Bargaining power of buyers
With the internet buyers are much more knowledgeable about goods and services as well as having access to many more vendors. The internet has therefore increased the bargaining power of buyers.
2. Investments - Threat of Substitute Products or Services
Investment into an industry could mean that other companies are being financed to provide the goods and services that the other companies in the industry already create. This is a threat of substitute products and services.
3. Music - Threat of New Entrants
Music is dynamic and keeps evolving such that new entrants are a constant happening. These new musicians could attract the audiences of other musicians so it is a threat to entry.
4. Glass - Bargaining Power of Suppliers
If the specific kind of glass is not easy to get or is sold by one or few companies, this would mean that the bargaining power of suppliers is high due to the scarcity of the glass.
5. Advertisement - Rivalry Among Competitors
Advertisement is a way of telling consumers to buy a product from the company advertising instead of its customers. Advertising is therefore a medium of expression for rivalry amongst competitors.
