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3 years ago

How do immunoglobulin genes code for a seemingly infinite variety of antibodies?

1 answer:

6 0

Answer: Think of DNA-there are only 4 bases, but different combinations give infinite possibilities. And the same for amino acids and proteins. Immunoglobulins work on a similar principle. Different VDJ segments are combined for the heavy chain of an antibody. Different VJ segments are combined for the light chain. Other ways: Random nucleotides may be added or removed between the gene segments. There are also different combinations of light and heavy chains. Antibodies can be any of the 5 isotypes: IgA, IgM, IgG, IgE, IgD. I'm not going to go into detail as this answer would take too long to write. Do some literature searching on B cells, V(D)J recombination, RAG genes, class switching.

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Serafina is preparing a lecture on the benefits of exercise and she will highlight that exercise orders up mood-boosting chemica

Andrews [41]

The answer is serotonin. Serotonin is a significant chemical neurotransmitter in the human body. Serotonin that is used in the brain must be made within it. It is believed that serotonin can touch mood and social performance, hunger and ingestion, slumber, reminiscence and sensual desire and purpose.

7 0

3 years ago

What is the ratio of surface area to volume for a sphere with the following

Leya [2.2K]

Answer:

$0.4\ \frac{1}{m}$

Explanation:

Let

x ----> the surface area of a sphere

y ---> the volume of a sphere

we know that

The ratio of surface area to volume of a sphere is equal to divide the surface area by the volume of the sphere

$\frac{x}{y}$

we have

$x=588\ m^2\\y=1,372\ m^3$

substitute the values

$\frac{588}{1,372}=0.4\ \frac{1}{m}$

4 0

3 years ago

Why are conifers so common in American forests?

tiny-mole [99]

Answer:

Answer is C

Explanation:

Coniferous forests grow in a wide range of climates, from the coldest polar regions to the warmest tropical regions and everything in between. The reason they're so prevalent worldwide is because they take advantage of certain environmental conditions that other trees aren't able to live in as well. Conifer trees are adapted for cold and harsh climates. ... The needle-like leaves are an important adaptation to Conifer trees because they do not accumulate much snow, keeping the weight load mild. Even though Tamarack trees lose their leaves in the winter, they are still subject to some snowfall.

7 0

3 years ago

HELLPP! ITS BIOLOGY

larisa [96]

Answer:

So that in a guinea pig cross in the offspring the recessive trait —long hair— can be observed in 25%, the most probable genotype of the parents is heterozygous Ss.

Explanation:

In guinea pigs, for the characteristic hair length, short hair is the dominant allele and long hair is the recessive one.

In order for 25% of the offspring to express the recessive characteristic, the parents must have a recessive genotype, which can be seen in Punnett's Square:

P: Ss X Ss

Alleles S s

S SS Ss

s Ss ss

Where the offspring is:

50% Ss with short hair phenotype
25% SS with short hair phenotype
25% ss whose phenotype would be long hair.

According to this, heterozygous parents for the characteristic long hair in guinea pigs have a 25% chance of having offspring with long hair.

8 0

2 years ago

What is the interrelationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Kamila [148]

Photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration to make ATP. The glucose is then turned back into carbon dioxide, which is used in photosynthesis. While water is broken down to form oxygen during photosynthesis, in cellular respiration oxygen is combined with hydrogen to form water.

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3 years ago