Individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency have increased resistance to malaria because the parasite does not survive well in cells with oxidative stress.
<h3>What is the link between G6P deficiency and malaria?</h3>
- Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked recessive disorder.
- G6PD protects cells from oxidative damage especially the RBCs whose main function is to carry oxygen.
- Mutation in the gene results in G6PD deficiency leading to oxidative stress which can lead to anemia (iron deficiency) as there is breakdown of RBCs.
- However, G6PD deficiency is quite common in parts of Africa, Middle East, and South Asia, which are the regions of high malaria endemism.
- This is due to natural selection in which G6PD deficiency is not eliminated from the population as it can protect people from malaria infection.
- Malaria parasite <em>Plasmodium</em> species does not survive well in cells with oxidative stress.
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<h2>Energy </h2>
Explanation:
Energy flows in only one direction through an ecosystem
- The Sun supports most of Earth's ecosystems
- Plants create chemical energy from abiotic factors that include solar energy and chemosynthesizing bacteria create usable chemical energy from unusable chemical energy
- The food energy created by producers is passed to consumers, scavengers, and decomposers
- Energy flows through an ecosystem in only one direction, it is passed from organisms at one trophic level or energy level to organisms in the next trophic level
- Most of the energy at a trophic level – about 90% – is used at that trophic level and organisms need it for growth, locomotion, heating themselves, and reproduction
- So animals at the second trophic level have only about 10% as much energy available to them as do organisms at the first trophic level
- Animals at the third level have only 10% as much available to them as those at the second level
Explanation:
The lipstick from the crime would be crushed and dissolved in an appropriate liquid solvent. The lipstick would then be placed in one of the ink spots on the starting / base line of the paper. Another spot would be created for the lipstick with which it is being compared with.
The paper chromatogram would then be placed vertically on a solvent that acts as the mobile phase. After some time, when the solvent reaches the solvent front of the paper chromatography, by capillary action, the chromatogram can be removed and left to dry.
Bands will have appeared on the chromatography paper formed from the different components of the lipstick. The bands of the lipstick from the crime scene and that with which it is being compared to are observed. If the bands are all aligned, horizontally, then this means it is a complete match. The lipstick must have been the same used at the crime scene.
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<span>Report his findings because you cannot change your prediction and cannot throw away notes you must report the findings.</span>
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