Answer:
Evaporation and Condensation... Hope this helps : )
Explanation:
We know that ionic radii trends have the elements ionic radii increasing right to left in a row and top to bottom in a group with Groups 13-18 having their respective exceptions.
That being said, since Ca2+ and Mg2+ are in the same group, we know that Mg2+ has a smaller radius that Ca2+.
So Mg2+ < Ca2+
And we know that Cl- and S2- are both two large atoms, due to them being found in group 17 and 16 respectively. Both of these atoms have a larger radius than Ca2+ due to them being an exception.
So we can write: Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Cl- and S2-
One way to know the exact figures for sure is to have a table on hand with all of the ionic radii. Using a table, we know that the actual ordering of the atoms is:
Mg2+< Ca2+ < Cl- < S2-
Therefore, Mg2+ has the smallest ionic radius.
The average atomic mass of sodium is 22.99. The average atomic mass of chlorine is 35.451. NaCl has one of each, which adds up to atomic mass of 58.441 atomic mass units. To find out how much of that is sodium, do 22.99÷58.441. you get 0.3933. So you know in any amount of NaCl, sodium makes up 39.33%. 39.33% of 50 is 19.665 g, so the answer is 19.665 g.
An incandescent bulb becomes hotter than a fluorescent bulb when turned on because in a regular incandescent bulb, there is tungsten wire where electricity is converts into heat. A regular incandescent light bulb requires 4 times more energy than a fluorescent bulb in order to produce the same amount of light. The conversion is such that for a 75-watt bulb, temperature get raised to approximately 2000 K. For such a high temperature, the radiating energy from the wire have some visible light. In such bulbs, 90% of the electricity get consumed in producing heat and only 10% produces light thus, they are not much efficient source of light.
On the other hand, fluorescent bulbs produce light with less amount of heat. In them, 40% of electricity is consumed in producing light and 60% in heat which is very less as compared to heat produced by a incandescent bulb. This is because when it get turned on, mercury atoms inside the bulb collides with electrons and produce UV light which is then converted into visible light using thin layer of phosphor power present inside the bulb. This produces low amount of heat thus, the bulb stays cooler, the bigger size of bulb also helps in dispersing heat.
Therefore, a fluorescent light bulb is not as hot as an incandescent light bulb.