Bacteria have different phage resistance mechanisms, such as spontaneous mutations, the CRISPR-Cas system.
Spontaneous mutations are the main mechanisms leading to phage resistance by altering the structure of bacterial wall components that act as phage receptors. These include lipopolysaccharides (LPS), outer membrane proteins, cell wall teichoic acids, capsules, and other bacterial components.
Answer:
3: Evaluate Your Sources D
Explanation:
Deshaun is determining which sources are most appropriate for his research project. Here he can evaluate a variety of sources such as newspaper articles, magazines, journals, or books, and websites. So, it is important for him to make sure that he includes only authentic any valid information in his research.
So, he needs to evaluate his sources using several criteria like:
-
Accuracy
- Scope / Relevance
- Current/ up to Date
- Objectivity
- Reliability
- Style
- Functionality
Using these criteria he can evaluate his sources to choose the best and appropriate one for him.
Hope it help!
Answer:
Following are the factors are given below:-
Explanation:
In general, the toxicity of a substance depends on the following factors.
- Chemical type and inherent behavior.
- Dosage, in particular the link dose-time.
- Exposure route.
- Species.
- Stage in life, such as child, young adult, or an older adult.
- Gender.
- Fitness to drink.
- Metabolism.
- Allocation inside the organ.
- Excretion
- Human safety, including organ function and childbirth, requiring physical effects that can affect toxicity.
- Nutritional status
- Many chemicals are available.
- Circadian rhythms (the time of day caused by a medication or other substance)
Answer:Conservation biologists, philosophers, environmental ethicists, and others offer several key reasons to conserve biodiversity. One argument is that organisms have direct economic value for humans. We use plants and animals for medicines, food, clothes, building materials, recreation, and other luxuries and necessities. But what if an organism that is of no use to us for food or hides is screened for useful medicinal compounds and found to have none? Do we sanction its extermination? Why must a plant or animal be of direct economic benefit to humans to have worth? Economic value alone is not the only reason to preserve biodiversity.
Another reason often given…to conserve biodiversity is that organisms, as components of ecosystems, provide services, and their interactions with other organisms contribute to the overall healthy functioning of ecosystems… On a practical level, biologists want to know just how much the loss of a few species will reduce the quality of services within a specific ecosystem. Two schools of thought prevail.
