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Leokris [45]
3 years ago
13

What reaction conditions most effectively convert a carboxylic acid to a methyl ester

Chemistry
2 answers:
ycow [4]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

Fischer Esterification

Explanation:

Fischer esterification or Fischer-Speier esterification is a carboxylic esterification reaction that uses an inorganic acid as a catalyst, mainly sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

The carboxylic acids are usually too weak acids, so they have little tendency to yield the proton (H +) that they lose in the esterification.

A stronger acid, such as sulfuric acid, behaves like a proton donor and facilitates the esterification reaction.

First, sulfuric acid injects a proton into the carboxyl group

The alcohol molecule, R’-OH, has an electron-rich oxygen atom, is attracted to the protonated carboxylic structure

This complex is not very stable and stabilizes towards the most favorable energy molecule, which is the ester, releasing a water molecule and a proton (H +). The proton is then used to regenerate sulfuric acid

dem82 [27]3 years ago
4 0

Answer: The convenient and efficient sonochemical method for methyl esterification of carboxylic acids reaction conditions are ;

• catalyzation by polymer-supported triphenylphosphine (0.1 eq. PS-PPh3)

• in the presence of 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (1.0 eq. TCT) and Na2CO3 (2.0 eq. )

• Temperature 50°C for 10 - 30 mins

Explanation:

Methyl esters of various carboxylic acids bearing reactive hydroxyl groups as well as acid- or base-labile functionalities could be rapidly prepared within short times in good to excellent yields in high purities without column chromatography.

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Butane gas reacts with oxygen gas to give carbon dioxide gas and water vapor (gas). If you mix butane and oxygen in the correct
Fittoniya [83]

Answer:

118.776 mmHg

Explanation:

The equation of the reaction is;

C4H10(g) + 13/2 O2(g) ------> 4CO2(g) + 5H20(g)

Now the mole ratio  according to the balanced reaction equation is;

1 : 6.5 : 4 : 5

Hence, the total number of moles present = 1 + 6.5 + 4 + 5 = 16.5 moles

Mole fraction of water vapour = 5/16.5 = 0.303

We also know that;

Partial pressure= mole fraction * total pressure

Partial pressure of H20(g) = 0.303 *  392 mmHg = 118.776 mmHg

7 0
3 years ago
When heating a solution to boiling on a hot plate, start by ___________. Then, turn the heat to ___________to start. If necessar
Aleonysh [2.5K]

Answer:

1. starting and stabilizing the stir function

2. a medium heat

3.turn up the heat setting

Explanation:

A chemical reaction can be defined as a chemical process which typically involves the transformation or rearrangement of the atomic, ionic or molecular structure of an element through the breakdown and formation of chemical bonds to produce a new compound or substance.

Some of the laboratory apparatus (equipment) used for conducting a chemical reaction are conical flask, Bunsen burner, beaker, tongs, crucible, round bottom flask etc.

When heating a solution to boiling on a hot plate, start by starting and stabilizing the stir function. Then, turn the heat to a medium heat to start. If necessary, turn up the heat setting after waiting about ten minutes without seeing boiling.

The safety precautions that must be taken when heating a solution to boiling on a hot plate;

I. A proper inspection of the round bottom flask for cracks, irregularities or any imperfection.

II. Ensure you avoid heating the flask while it is closed.

III. When suspending the flask on a hot plate, you should ensure that you use a clamp for stability.

5 0
3 years ago
A _______ is a segment of DNA that contains the information necessary to express the inherited traits of an organism. A. protein
Ilya [14]

Answer:

"gene" is the segment of DNA containg the inheritance information.

6 0
2 years ago
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Marysya12 [62]

Answer:

crushing an ice cube

Explanation:

crushing an ice cube can be redone by freezing it again in its position

5 0
2 years ago
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How does induced transmutation produce trans uranium elements ?
kifflom [539]
Answer: Artificial transmutation may occur in machinery that has enough energy to cause changes in the nuclear structure of the elements. This releases, on average, 3 neutrons and a large amount of energy. The released neutrons then cause fission of other uranium atoms, until all of the available uranium is exhausted.
Hope this helped!!
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3 years ago
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