Answer:
C. +23.1 kJ/mol
Explanation:
the formula to use to calculate the energy requirement in kJ/mol to transport a proton across the mitochondrial inner membrane in plant cells is:
ΔGt = RTIn 
+ ZFΔV
let's list the values of the data we are being given in the question to make it easier when solving it.
Z= 1
F= 96500C (faraday's constant)
ΔV= 160mV = 0.160V
R= 8.314( constant)
T= 15ºC ( converting our degree Celsius into kelvin, we will have 273.15k+ 15 = 288.15K)
∴ T= 288.15K
Putting it all together in the formula, we have:
ΔGt = 8.314 × 288.15 × 2.303 log + 1 × 96500 × 0.160
ΔGt = 5517.25 
+15440
ΔGt = 5517.25 
+15440
Given that the pH differential gradient across the membrane is 1.4pH units. It implies that;
ΔGt = 5517.25 × 1.4 + 15440
= 7724.15 +15440
= 23164.15 Joules/moles
= +23.1 KJ/mole
The classification of the characteristics and examples based on the model of speciation that is being described are as follows:
- <u>Allopatric Speciation:</u> speciation that is based on geographic isolation.
- <u>Sympatric Speciation:</u> organisms are reproductively isolated by postzygotic mechanisms and evolve into different species.
- <u>Allopatric Speciation:</u> organisms in different locations are subject to different selective pressures and evolve into different species.
- <u>Sympatric Speciation:</u> speciation that does not require geographic isolation.
- <u>Sympatric Speciation:</u> bread wheat evolved from two species of wheat with different chromosome numbers.
<h3>What is speciation?</h3>
Speciation can be defined as an ecological and biological process through which new species of a living organism are formed, especially due to isolation of a part.
<h3>The types of speciation.</h3>
In Science, there are five (5) major types of speciation and these include the following:
- Allopatric Speciation
- Peripatric Speciation
- Parapatric Speciation
- Sympatric Speciation.
- Artificial Speciation.
Read more on allopatric speciation here: brainly.com/question/4493180
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<u>Complete Question:</u>
Classify the following characteristics and examples depending on what model of speciation is described.
Allopatric Speciation Sympatric Speciation
Speciation that is based on geographic isolation
Organisms are reproductively isolated by postzygotic mechanisms and evolve into different species
Organisms in different locations are subject to different selective pressures and evolve into different species
Speciation that does not require geographic isolation
Bread wheat evolved from two species of wheat with different chromosome numbers
Each type of endocytosis involves encapsulating the target molecule in a pocket of cell membrane called a vesicle and bringing it to the lysosome so that it can be broken down. Pinocytosis (cell drinking), trapsliquids and any small molecules dissolved in the liquid
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