Characterization and determination of the S/G ratio via Py-GC/MS of agricultural and industrial residues.
<h3>What is the abstract?</h3>
To investigate the potential lignin values, agricultural residues (apple tree pruning, olive tree pruning, and almond shell) and industrial residues (kraft black liquor) were employed as source materials for lignin extraction via various fractionation procedures (kraft, organosolv, acetosolv and acetosolv and formosolv processes). Py-GC/MS, FTIR, and GPC were used to characterise the separated lignins. The fractionation method had a significant impact on the average molecular weight (Mw) assessed by GPC. The severe circumstances of the acetosolv and acetosolv-formosolv procedures favoured repolymerization, resulting in high Mw lignins. Because of the longer retention durations, the EKL had a smaller Mw. Except for almond shell lignin, which has the highest relative abundance of G-type phenols, all lignins have higher relative abundances of S-type phenols.
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Answer and Explanation:
The ocean takes up carbon dioxide through photosynthesis by plant-like organisms (phytoplankton), as well as by simple chemistry: carbon dioxide dissolves in water. It reacts with seawater, creating carbonic acid. ... In the center of the ocean, wind-driven currents bring cool waters and fresh carbonate to the surface.
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100% (all living organisms of them have a rage of tolerance)
In humans, the "male gamete determines the sex of an offspring because it may contribute either an X or a Y chromosome"
<u>Answer:</u> Option C
<u>Explanation:</u>
Human sex gets decided by the function of SRY gene which possessed by with or without of Y chromosome. The hormone of anti-mullerian and testosterone produced from cells when activating the SRY gene. It generally confirms the development of single-male reproductive systems.
The scenario in humans, the sex ration gets affected by the male parent's hormone level. Also, in XY sex evaluation system, the sperm of male takes part in X or Y chromosome whereas the ovum from female contributes to X chromosome. This greatly results in offspring - either male (XX) or female (XY).