Savanna: Grasslands near the equator.
Steppe: Semiarid, grass and scattered trees.
Monsoon: Moist wind from the ocean.
Permafrost: Frozen ground.
Alpine: Climate changes with altitude.
Desert: Hot, dry, sparse vegetation.
Deciduous forest: Moist continental.
Tundra: Cold, high latitudes.
Jungle: A type of rainforest vegetation.
Tropical Rain Forest: Hot and wet all year long.
Mediterranean: Dry summers and cool wet winters.
Hope this helped!
Answer:
b. Replicated chromosomes line up on the equatorial plate.
Explanation:
Mitosis starts with the breakdown of the nuclear envelop and condensation of chromatids into visible chromosomes. Since DNA replication has occurred during the S-phase of interphase, each chromosome has two sister chromatids held together by a centromere. A chromosome with two sister chromatids is said to be a replicated chromosome.
Metaphase of mitosis includes the alignment of replicated chromosomes at the cell's equator. The process is assisted by the spindle apparatus. This is followed by splitting of centromere and separation of sister chromatids during anaphase.
<span>The
enzyme name that catalyzes the reaction that converts fibrinogen to fibrin is <span>Thrombin. </span>The thrombin is
an enzyme - type peptidases. It is not part of the blood, but is <span>formed as part of the blood clotting process.</span></span>
Why study human genetics? One reason is simply an interest in better
understanding ourselves. As a branch of genetics, human genetics
concerns itself with what most of us consider to be the most interesting
species on earth: Homo sapiens. But our interest in human
genetics does not stop at the boundaries of the species, for what we
learn about human genetic variation and its sources and transmission
inevitably contributes to our understanding of genetics in general, just
as the study of variation in other species informs our understanding of
our own.
A second reason for studying human genetics is its
practical value for human welfare. In this sense, human genetics is more
an applied science than a fundamental science. One benefit of studying
human genetic variation is the discovery and description of the genetic
contribution to many human diseases. This is an increasingly powerful
motivation in light of our growing understanding of the contribution
that genes make to the development of diseases such as cancer, heart
disease, and diabetes. In fact, society has been willing in the past and
continues to be willing to pay significant amounts of money for
research in this area, primarily because of its perception that such
study has enormous potential to improve human health. This perception,
and its realization in the discoveries of the past 20 years, have led to
a marked increase in the number of people and organizations involved in
human genetics.
This second reason for studying human genetics is
related to the first. The desire to develop medical practices that can
alleviate the suffering associated with human disease has provided
strong support to basic research. Many basic biological phenomena have
been discovered and described during the course of investigations into
particular disease conditions. A classic example is the knowledge about
human sex chromosomes that was gained through the study of patients with
sex chromosome abnormalities. A more current example is our rapidly
increasing understanding of the mechanisms that regulate cell growth and
reproduction, understanding that we have gained primarily through a
study of genes that, when mutated, increase the risk of cancer.
Likewise,
the results of basic research inform and stimulate research into human
disease. For example, the development of recombinant DNA techniques (Figure 3)
rapidly transformed the study of human genetics, ultimately allowing
scientists to study the detailed structure and functions of individual
human genes, as well as to manipulate these genes in a variety of
previously unimaginable ways.
