Without ribosome, a cell would not be able to produce proteins. <u>Ribosomes are the essential cell organelles that are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms</u>. They play an important role in protein synthesis. As protein is an important biomolecule it can be used for several cellular processes.
Further Explanation:
Ribosomes are also called protein factories of the cell because it plays an essential role in the synthesis of protein. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain ribosomes. 70s ribosome is found in the prokaryotic cell whereas 80s ribosome is present in the eukaryotic cell.
Ribosomes are composed of RNA molecules. They are found in the different locations of the cell. Some are located in the free-floating forms in the cytosol. The ribosomes found in the cytosol synthesize soluble proteins that are used inside the cell, whereas ribosomes found on the endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes secretory and membrane proteins. Ribosomes are the cluster of ribosomal RNA and protein.
During the process of protein synthesis, mRNA gets bind with the smaller ribosomal subunits in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes to form an initiation complex. It plays a vital role in the catalyzing the formation of the peptide bond between amino acids so that the amino acids are joined together to form a protein. The subunits of ribosomes are reassociated with others during the initiation of protein synthesis. Transfer RNA gets binds with larger subunits of ribosomes.
Hence, each mRNA molecule is translated by several ribosomes during protein synthesis in a direction; such as a reading of mRNA can be done from 5’3’ end. And the polypeptides are synthesized from the N-terminus of amino acids to C-terminus of amino acids. A complete structure of mRNA-poly-ribosome is called polysomes.
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Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Biology
Chapter: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Keywords:
Ribosomes, amino acid, mRNA, eukaryotes, prokaryotes, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, transcription, protein synthesis, initiation complex.
