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kramer
3 years ago
13

Second messengers in signal transduction pathways:

Biology
1 answer:
alukav5142 [94]3 years ago
5 0

Explanation:

a) Second messengers are intracellular signalling molecules produced by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signalling molecules. Second messengers serve to transmit signals from a receptor to a target inside the cell. They also serve to amplify the strength of the signal.

b) Cyclic AMP (cAMP) and Calcium ions.

c) cAMP is involved in cAMP dependent pathway also known as adenylyl cyclase pathway. It is a signalling cascade that involves G protein coupled receptor that is used in cell communication.

Calcium ions are involved in phospholipase C pathway.

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Indirect methods like mark and recapture become a strong tool to estimate population size or density in species on which it is impossible to apply a direct methods. <em>Because of their biological and ecological characteristics, the Gypsy moth and the Green lizard populations are good examples  for which  mark and recapture would work well.</em>

<em>------------------------------------------------------</em>

There are different methods to study population density. There are direct methods and indirect methods. Among these last ones, we might find the Mark-Recapture technique.

The Mark-Recapture technique assumes that

  • <em>the population is closed during the sampling season, there is no mortality nor natality, </em>
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The method consists of capturing a sample of individuals belonging to the population under study. After capturing the individuals, the researcher marks and releases them again. The third step is to sample again: The researcher captures new individuals and counts how many of them are marked. These marked individuals belong to the first sample.

Indirect methods like this become a strong tool to estimate population size or density in species on which it is impossible to apply a direct method such as <em>counting individuals</em>.

For instance, if we need to estimate insects population density (<u><em>Gypsy moth population</em></u>) or reptiles population density (<u><em>Green lizard population</em></u>) because of their biological and ecological characteristics, the best way of doing it is by applying indirect methods. <em>These species characterize as small-sized, fast to escape, they can hide in small inaccessible places, they have nocturnal habits, their reproductive rate is too high, and their distribution rate is wide. </em>Among many other characteristics, their population density can not be estimated by direct methods. Mark-Recapture technique is the most suitable one.

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Related link: brainly.com/question/10646744?referrer=searchResults

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most reasonable answer

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