Answer:

Explanation:
= Intensity of unpolarized light = 
= Angle of the filter = 
Intensity of light is given by

The intensity of light detected by the camera is 
Answer:
Part 1)
Boat A will win the race
Part 2)
Boat A will win the race by 48 km as the 2nd boat will reach the other end while boat A will just touches the finish line
Part 3)
average velocity must be zero
Explanation:
As we know that the distance moved by the boat is given as

now the time taken by the boat to move to and fro is given as



Time taken by Boat B to cover the distance


Part 1)
Boat A will win the race
Part 2)
Boat A will win the race by 48 km as the 2nd boat will reach the other end while boat A will just touches the finish line
Part 3)
Since the displacement of Boat A is zero
so average velocity must be zero
A potential problem is that you are willing to accept a <u>5% </u>chance of being wrong if you reject the null hypothesis.
The significance level is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis if it is true. For example, a significance level of 0.05 indicates a 5% risk of concluding that there is a difference when there is actually no difference. Rejecting the true null hypothesis results in a Type I error.
The smaller the value of α the more difficult it is to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, choosing a low value for α can reduce the likelihood of Type I errors. The result here is that if the null hypothesis is false, it may be more difficult to reject using a lower value for α. The alpha value or statistical significance threshold is arbitrary. Which value to use depends on your field of study.
Learn more about The potential problems here:-brainly.com/question/21836542
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It can be described as a constant variation
Principles<span> of </span>arc welding<span>. </span>Arc welding<span> is a </span>welding<span> process, in which heat is generated by an </span>electric arc<span> struck between an electrode and the work piece. </span>Electric arc<span> is luminous</span>electrical<span> discharge between two electrodes through ionized gas.</span>