1. A transgenic organism expresses DNA that has been derived from another species. These organisms have altered genomes and are generated in the laboratory for the purposes of research, for example, the "knock-out" mice are tansgenic mice with a particular gene of interest disabled.
2. Recombinant DNA is the DNA that has been altered to contain genes, or portions of genes, from different organisms. The DNA molecules are formed in the lab using recombination methods to bring together genetic material from multiple sources and therefore creating sequences that are not found in the genome.
3. Restriction enzymes are found naturally in bacteria and they cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences. These enzymes are also called restriction endonucleases, they cleave DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition sites called restriction sites. They are found in bacteria and archaea and they serve to provide a defense mechanism against invading viruses.
4. Biotechnology is the use or alteration of organisms, cells, or biological molecules to produce food, drugs, or other goods. Living systems and organisms are used to make or develop products. Biotechnology enhances cellular and biomolecular processes to develop technologies and product for the purposes of improving life and health.
5. Polymerase chain reaction is a technique that is used to quickly synthesize billions of copiies of a specific segment of DNA. It is a quick and a very efficient way to generate many copies of DNA. The process is applicable when there are small quantities of DNA to analyze. The events of PCR involves; separation of DNA strands, addition of primers, use of DNA polymerase to produce second strand of DNA.
6. In the process known as transformation, bacteria take up pieces of DNA from the surroundings. Bacterial transformation results from the uptake of naked DNA (DNA without associated cells or proteins). Transformation may also occur naturally in some species of bacteria.
Answer:
-use PCR to amplify the gene for GFP
-perform a restriction digestion of the GFP gene and the plasmid
-ligate together the GFP gene and the plasmid to generate a recombinant plasmid
-transform bacteria with the recombinant plasmid using electroporation
-plate the bacterial cells, and screen for positive transformants
Explanation :
A. Instructions for protein synthesis and cell reproduction; contains genetic information - <u>Nucleus </u>
B. Intracellular compartment forms transport vesicles; participates in lipid synthesis and synthesis of membrane or secreted proteins - <u>Endoplasmic reticulum</u>
C. Packages proteins for export from cell; forms secretory vesicle -<u> Golgi apparatus.</u>
D. Digest worn-out organelles and cell debris; digest material taken up by endocytosis -<u> lysosomes</u>
E. ""Power plants"" of the cell; sites of oxidative metabolism - <u>Mitochondria</u>
F. Sites of photosynthesis<u> - chloroplasts</u>
G. Regulates water levels in plant cells <u>- vacuole</u>
H. Used in break down of fats and contains the enzyme catalase - <u>peroxisome</u>
The stem cells will divide through mitosis to create diploid stem cells.
