Answer:
d. 2.94%
Explanation:
First, Calculate the Yield to maturity of the bond using the following formula
Use the following formula to calculate the YTM
P = [ C x ( 1 - ( 1 + r )^-n ) / r ] + [ F / ( 1 + r )^n ]
Where
F = Face value = $1,000
P = Price = $1,495.56
C = Coupon payment = Face value x Coupon rate = $1,000 x 10% = $100
n = numbers of periods = Numbers of years to maturity = 10 years
r = YTM = ?
Placing values in the formula
$1,495.56 = [ $100 x ( 1 - ( 1 + r )^-10 ) / r ] + [ $1,000 / ( 1 + r )^10 ]
r = 3.916%
Now calculate the after-tax cost of debt
After-tax cost of debt = YTM x ( 1 - Tax rate )
After-tax cost of debt = 3.916% x ( 1 - 25% )
After-tax cost of debt = 2.937%
After-tax cost of debt = 2.94%
Answer:
Risk free interest rate is 5%
Y is 15.5% at a Beta of 1.5
X is 0.29 when Y is 7%
Explanation:
Risk free interest is 0.05 which 5% as given in the equation
The average expected return is given by Y
Y=0.05+0.07X
Since Beta is the same as X, when equals 1.5,Y is calculated thus
Y=0.05+0.07(1.5)
Y=0.05+0.105
Y=0.155
Y=15.5%
The value of Beta at an average return of 7% is computed thus:
7%=0.05+0.07X
where X is the unknown
0.07=0.05+0.07X
0.07-0.05=0.07X
0.02=0.07X
X=0.02/0.07
X=0.29
The scenario illustrates that the Beta, which is the risk of investment and the Y , the expected average return are positively correlated.
Answer:
C. subject to review by higher levels of management in order to prevent the budgets from becoming too loose.
Explanation:
Self-imposed budgets typically are subject to review by higher levels of management in order to prevent the budgets from becoming too loose.
Self-imposed budget also known as the participative budget is a type of budget where individuals having responsibility for controlling costs, prepares their own budget estimates and present them to the top level of management for review.
Answer:
a. Incremental analysis.
b. Sunk cost.
c. Relevant information.
d. Opportunity cost.
e. Joint products.
f. Out-of-pocket cost.
g. Split-off point.
Explanation:
a. Incremental analysis: examination of differences between costs to be incurred and revenue to be earned under different courses of action.
b. Sunk cost: a cost incurred in the past that cannot be changed as a result of future actions. Sunk cost can be defined as a cost or an amount of money that has been spent on something in the past and as such cannot be recovered.
c. Relevant information: costs and revenue that are expected to vary, depending on the course of action decided on. Hence, relevant cost are relevant for decision-making purposes but not sunk costs.
d. Opportunity cost: the benefit foregone by not pursuing an alternative course of action. Opportunity cost also known as the alternative forgone, can be defined as the value, profit or benefits given up by an individual or organization in order to choose or acquire something deemed significant at the time.
e. Joint products: products made from common raw materials and shared production processes.
f. Out-of-pocket cost: a cost yet to be incurred that will require future payment and may vary among alternative courses of action.
g. Split-off point: the point at which manufacturing costs are split equally between ending inventory and cost of goods sold. Thus, it give rise to joint products that emerge from the same raw materials and a shared manufacturing process.
Answer:
9.62%
Explanation:
Re = Rf + (B x Rp)
Re = cost of equity = 9.775%
Rf = risk free rate = 4%
B = beta = 1.05
Rp = risk premium = ?
Rp = (Re - Rf) B = (9.775% - 4%)/1.05 = 5.5%
Re portfolio = Rf + {Rp x [(B₁ x $5/$5.5) + (B₂ x $0.5/$5.5)]}
Re portfolio = 4% + {5.5% x [(1.05 x $5/$5.5) + (0.75 x $0.5/$5.5)]}
Re portfolio = 4% + {5.5% x [0.9545 + 0.0682]}
Re portfolio = 4% + 5.6249% = 9.62%
