Answer:
The trait is heterozygous.
Explanation:
Heterozygous: "Having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes."
A heterozygous genotype looks like: Rr. The capital R is a dominant allele, and the lowercase r is a recessive allele. These two alleles are not the same (not two dominant alleles or two recessive alleles) meaning that the trait is a heterozygous trait.
The opposite of a heterozygous trait is a homozygous trait, in which both alleles are the same (both dominant or both recessive) and can look like RR or rr (genotype-wise).
Answer/Explanation:
A mutation alters the sequence of DNA. Therefore, the mRNA that is transcribed from the DNA has a different sequence.
This mRNA goes on to be read by the protein synthesis machinery in the cell. The protein synthesis machinery translates the sequence of the mRNA into an amino acid sequence, which makes up the protein.
If the sequence of the mRNA is different, due to a mutation in the DNA, then the cell will translate a different sequence into an amino acid. This alters the composition of the protein.
Mutations can be small, and affect only one amino acid, or they could be huge, and impact the entire protein.
Mutations have very different consequences in gametes vs non-gamete cells.
If a mutation occurs in a gamete, that means the mutation will be passed on to the next generation, as it is contained in the DNA in the egg or sperm that becomes fertilised to make a gamete.
However, mutations that occur in other cells are not passed on to the next generation. That does not mean they do not have effects. E.g. mutations in the skin caused by exposure to UV rays from the sun can contribute to cancer, but would not be passed on to the individual's children
Answer:
provide protection against pathogens
Explanation:
