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Zanzabum
3 years ago
6

Why were critics expressing discontent with society in the 1950s

History
1 answer:
-BARSIC- [3]3 years ago
5 0
The 1950s was a time of widespread fear and anxiety - the two great powers, the USA and the USSR, were held together in M.A.D. (Mutually Assured Distruction), thanks to the US dropping the two nuclear bombs on Japan, fascinating Soviet scientists into developing their own Nuclear weapons program. 
Joseph McCarthy, a US Senator from Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957, played a huge role in establishing a sense of uneasiness and paranoia among Americans in the 1950s, at the possibility of spies lurking within society. Individuals became more individualistic, and trusted authorities less and less - domestic crimes, for example, were often solves by individuals rather than these individuals requesting help from the police. Actors, those in the entertainment industry as a whole, and politicians were by far the most targeted by McCarthy's policies of kidnapping, torturing and extracting information, if there was a suspicion that those being kidnapped were in fact Soviet spies. The overwhelming majority were not, but there were still a handful that were. The government of the USA attempted to hide the innocent victims of these kidnappings, but were not very successful, and as such, individuals became extremely weary of authorities.

To sum up:
- Cold War begins, USA and USSR battle each other with espionage and intelligence rather than all-out warfare
- American government becomes increasing suspicious of spies within Entertainment industry and internal politics
- These paranoia-inducing policies were widely unsuccessful, and as such, fermented distrust for authorities within American society, and among societies of American allies, who were also suspicious of spying.

If you need further information, a quick search of McCarthyism or the 1950s social context of America should help.
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Islam was once concentrated only around the Abbasids massive empire which spans across four thousand miles but was very difficult to maintain. As people converted to Islam, tax revenue collected from non-muslim dwindled, and the Abbasid's court expenditure could no longer be sustained. This led to to Abbasid caliphate fragments into smaller , independent political structure then diminished the Abbasid's power.

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After the fall of the Abbasids, Islamic structures transformed beyond traditional Arab Muslim elites, there were conversion between other religion such as Christian and Judaism, also alternative Social and political structures filled the vaccum of the Abbasids political structure and one of those alternative structures is the Sufi religious institutions , the Sufi missionaries were responsible for many conversions in sub-saharan Africa , in South and Southeast Asia. This assimilations with different cultures and people resulted in the mix of islamic traditions with pre-Islamic beliefs thereby allowing for different interpretation of Islam.

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