The Salt March on March 12, 1930 A demonstrator offers a flower to military police at a National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam-sponsored protest in Arlington, Virginia, on October 21, 1967 A "No NATO" protester in Chicago, 2012Nonviolent resistance (NVR or nonviolent action) is the practice of achieving goals such as social change through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, or other methods, while being nonviolent. This type of action highlights the desires of an individual or group that feels that something needs to change to improve the current condition of the resisting person or group. It is largely but wrongly taken as synonymous with civil resistance. Each of these terms—nonviolent resistance and civil resistance—has its distinct merits and also quite different connotations and commitments. Major nonviolent resistance advocates include Mahatma Gandhi, Henry David Thoreau, Te Whiti o Rongomai, Tohu Kākahi, Leo Tolstoy, Alice Paul, Martin Luther King, Jr, James Bevel, Václav Havel, Andrei Sakharov, Lech Wałęsa, Gene Sharp, and many others. There are hundreds of books and papers on the subject—see Further reading below. From 1966 to 1999, nonviolent civic resistance played a critical role in fifty of sixty-seven transitions from authoritarianism.[1] Recently, nonviolent resistance has led to the Rose Revolution in Georgia and the Orange Revolution in Ukraine. Current nonviolent resistance includes the Jeans Revolution in Belarus, the "Jasmine" Revolution in Tunisia, and the fight of the Cuban dissidents. Many movements which promote philosophies of nonviolence or pacifism have pragmatically adopted the methods of nonviolent action as an effective way to achieve social or political goals. They employ nonviolent resistance tactics such as: information warfare, picketing, marches, vigils, leafletting, samizdat, magnitizdat, satyagraha, protest art, protest music and poetry, community education and consciousness raising, lobbying, tax resistance, civil disobedience, boycotts or sanctions, legal/diplomatic wrestling, underground railroads, principled refusal of awards/honors, and general strikes. Nonviolent action differs from pacifism by potentially being proactive and interventionist. A great deal of work has addressed the factors that lead to violent mobilization, but less attention has been paid to understanding why disputes become violent or nonviolent, comparing these two as strategic choices relative to conventional politics.[2] Contents 1 History of nonviolent resistance2 See also2.1 Documentaries2.2 Organizations and people
Magna Carta was originally created because of disagreements between Pope Innocent III, King John and his English barons about the rights of the King. The Magna Carta made the king denounced some of his rights , and made him realize he was not above the law. It also made him respect certain legal procedures , and realize his will was bound by law.
basically the magna carta was to secure the rights of the English aristocracy because they felt the king had usurped too much of their power. The magna carta actually went through quite a few different versions as kings would gradually ignore it then have to restate it at least in part to keep the nobility from revolting. It did secure some freedoms such as rights of widows and wards, but its main focus was on the barons and their rights to hold courts and to approve of things going on in the kingdom such as taxes before the king could levy them.
The magan Carta was the cornerstone for the future British Constitution. Many later attempts to draft constitutional forms of government, including the United States Constitution, trace their lineage back to the Magna Carta
The economic growth rates gives information on how fast the economy is growing,and is calculated by comparing the economic output (measured as the Gross Domestic Product or GDP) of two subsequent periods.
<u>The two main determinants of GDP/economic growth are:</u>
Productivity increases caused by more efficient use of inputs (labor, capital) and implementation of innovation.
Accumulation of physical capital
<u>Effects of economic growth</u>
Larger amount of goods and services are available in the country and ready for consumption
High employments levels, as workers are necessary to manufacture that large quantity of goods and services. As GDP has grown, so have done employment figures.
More employment brings boosts on aggregate demand and generate further growth as business will keep on trying to serve the whole demand.
As demand grows it is quite likely that prices do so too, therefore economic growth would increase the inflation rate (not necessarily a problem if such growth is not too large and remains stable).
Productivity increases and implementation of innovations make national firms more efficient and competitive in the international markets.
William Shakespeare was an English playwright, poet, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon"
