Answer: a. always declines with increased levels of output.
Explanation: the average fixed cost curve graphically illustrates or shows the relation between average fixed cost a firm incurs in the short-run production of a good or service, and the quantity produced. The average fixed cost curve always declines with increases in the level of output resulting in a negatively sloped curve. This is to say that the average fixed cost is relatively high at smaller quantities of output, which then declines as the level of production increases--the more output increases, the more average fixed cost declines. Why this occurs is that a given fixed cost is spread over an increasingly larger quantity of output and as such, firms can profitably charge a lower price with increased output.
The pricing strategy that calls for a new product being priced high to make optimum profit while there is little competition is called as Skimming price strategy
Skimming Pricing, also known as price skimming, is a pricing strategy that sets the price of new products higher and lowers them when competitors enter the market. Skimming prices are the opposite of penetration prices, which set lower prices for newly launched products in order to build a large customer base from the beginning.
Skimming pricing strategy refers to setting relatively high initial prices for new products or services for early adopters who are not price sensitive when there is a strong relationship between price and perceived quality. .. Prices can go down over time.
An example of a skimming strategy can be found primarily when major technology companies such as Apple, Samsung, and Sony are developing new technologies that are known to be in high demand.
Learn more about Skimming prices here:brainly.com/question/20927491
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Answer: infant industry argument
Explanation:
The infant industry argument simply means that the new industries in a particular economy should be protected at all cost from the multinationals or already developed foreign firms so that they themselves can grow and that the foreign firms will not hinder their progress and growth.
This usually applies to small and newly established firms. One of the main reason for taxation is to help protect such industries from competition thqt can hinder them.
Answer:
The citizen, however, does not have to pay because the police officer has a pre existing duty.
Explanation:
"Preexisting duty rule is a common-law rule of contract. It says that the rule that performance of an act by which a party is already contractually bound to perform does not constitute valid consideration for a new promise. In other words, a party's offer of a performance already required under an existing contract is an insufficient consideration for modification of the contract."
Then, the citizen doesn't have to pay because the police officer has an existing contract, and it's considered an insufficient consideration for modification of that contract.
Reference: US Legal, Inc, 2019. “Preexisting Duty Rule Law and Legal Definition.” Preexisting Duty Rule Law and Legal Definition | USLegal, Inc., 2019
