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Gymnosperms are no longer restricted to moist environments, as are ferns and mosses because they have evolved to produce non-flagellated pollens that do not require water or moisture to reach the egg whereas ferns and mosses have flagellated sperm that needs moisture to swim towards the egg.
Another major evolutionary adaption in gymnosperms is the production of seeds instead of spores since seeds contain their own nutrition in the form of endosperm, seeds can travel large distances through wind or animals and can germinate when they find suitable conditions. Seeds can remain dormant for several years whereas spores have a shorter lifespan.
To learn more about endosperm here
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The water repellant properties of waxes is very useful in the leaves of some plants, in the feathers of birds and also in cuticle of insects. Waxes in plant leaves reduce the amount of water that is lost by the leaves. The wax that is present in the birds' feather prevent them from getting wet with water.
Answer:
Nitrogen is the most commonly limiting nutrient in plants. Legumes use nitrogen fixing bacteria, specifically symbiotic rhizobia bacteria, within their root nodules to counter the limitation. Rhizobia bacteria convert nitrogen gas (N2) to ammonia (NH3) in a process called nitrogen fixation.
Answer:
Because water exhibits cohesive behavior.
Explanation:
Cohesive behavior can be explained as a behavior where molecules are attracted to each other.
And this means that, water molecules are attracted to each other because of their cohesive behavior. This makes them to be attracted to other substances, such as the walls of the xylem of plants.
In this case, it is believed that the water molecules behave this way because they are polar, that is, there is an electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms. And this enables it to move from the roots to the leaves of the plants.
