These antibodies are IgD.
It is a monomeric antibody isotype that is expressed in the plasma membranes of immature B-lymphocytes. It is also produced in a secreted form that is found in small amounts in blood serum. IgD is co-expressed with IgM on the surface of the majority of mature B cells prior to antigenic stimulation and functions as a transmembrane antigen receptor.
Clay is the least permeable type of soil. So the answer would be D-Clay
Explanation:
The ribs are a set of twelve bones which form the protective 'cage' of the thorax. They articulate with the vertebral column posteriorly, and terminate anteriorly as cartilage (known as costal cartilage). As part of the bony thorax, the ribs protect the internal thoracic organs.
The epidermis. It's the first layer of skin.
Answer:
The alcohol group will have produced the greatest volume of urine
The concentrated salt solution group will have produced the least volume of urine
Explanation:
Alcohol inhibits the antidiuretic hormone. This hormone, also known as vasopressin hormone, is released by changes in serum osmolarity or blood volume. Its function is to keep homeostasis and make kidneys conserve or keep water by concentrating urine and by reducing its volume. By these actions, the antidiuretic hormone stimulates water reabsorption, acording to the organism´s needs. The antidiuretic hormone is very sensitive to the presence of alcohol in the blood. Alcohol inhibits the hormone production and the kidneys eliminate more water than the necessary volume. In other words, alcohol is a diuretic substance that enhances urine production.
Salt ingestion causes an increase in plasmatic osmolarity, stimulates thirst and hence, water ingestion. It also causes an increase in the antidiuretic hormone, which anhances in water reabsorption by the kidneys in its collector tubules. Salt consumption causes a change in osmolarity, which drives to an increase in water reabsorption and an important reduction in urine volume.
