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All these cases represent experiments whose outcomes are all equaly likely. What we mean is that the cards have all the same probability of being dealt (1/52), and all the spaces of the spinner have the same probability of being landed into (1/5).
These probabilities are computed as 1 over all the possible outcomes.
(a) If you want a heart card and a five, you want the 5 of hearts. So, only one card would satisfy your request, and thus you have probability 1/52 of dealing the 5 of hearts.
(b) There are four 10s and four Jacks in the deck, so 8 cards satisfy your request. With probability 8/52, you'll be dealt a Jack or a 10.
(c) You have two "good" outcomes out of 5, so your probability is 2/5.
keeping in mind that perpendicular lines have negative reciprocal slopes, let's check for the slope of the equation above
well then therefore
so we're really looking for the equation of a line with slope of -1/3 and that passes through (1, -3 )