I believe this process is called fixation
Answer:
Solution A: 3.21% (m/v) NaCl ⇒ CRENATION
Solution B: 1.65% (m/v) glucose ⇒ HEMOLYSIS
Solution C: distilled H₂O ⇒ HEMOLYSIS
Solution D: 6.97% (m/v) glucose ⇒ CRENATION
Solution E: 5.0% (m/v) glucose and 0.9%(m/v) NaCl ⇒ CRENATION
Explanation:
Isotonic solution = 0.9% (m/v) NaCl or 5.0% (m/v) glucose
<u>Crenation</u> will occur if the solution has a concentration higher than 0.9% (m/v) NaCl or 5.0% (m/v) glucose (hypertonic solution). This will occur in the following solutions:
Solution A: 3.21% (m/v) NaCl > 0.9% (m/v) NaCl
Solution D: 6.97% (m/v) glucose > 5.0% (m/v) glucose
Solution E: 5.0% (m/v) glucose <u>and</u> 0.9%(m/v) NaCl (the addition of the 2 components exceeds the osmotic pressure permitted).
<u>Hemolysis</u> will occur if the solution has a concentration lower than 0.9% (m/v) NaCl or 5.0% (m/v) glucose (hypotonic solution). This is the case of:
Solution B: 1.65% (m/v) glucose < 5.0% (m/v) glucose
Solution C: distilled H₂O = 0% glucose/0% NaCl < 0.9% (m/v) NaCl or 5.0% (m/v) glucose
Answer:
The *intramolecular* bonding between the Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms are called Covalent Bonds.
Covalent bonds are strong electrostatic attractions between 2 positively charged nuclei and a shared pair of electrons.
The *intermolecular bonding* of water molecules is called hydrogen bonding as well as instantaneous - induced dipole interaction.
Instantaneous-induced dipoles is where 2 water molecules interact. The results in negative electron clouds repelling each other resulting in a region of positive charge - the molecules are said to have an induced positive charge.
This water molecule with an induced positive charge then attracts electrons from a neighbouring water molecules - resulting in an instantaneous negative dipole.
These dipoles are fleeting/temporary and are the weakest intermolecular bonds.
Hydrogen bonding is a result of the 2 line pair of electrons in Oxygen atom of the water moelcule. These electrons are attracted to extremely electronegative (electronegativity :ability of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons) elements such as Oxygen from a neighbouring water molecule resulting in what is known as hydrogen bonding,