Answer: C. It is not specific.
Explanation: a business message is used within a business setting for internal or external communication. For a business message to be fit for use, it has to be accurate, clear and specific. The complexity of the message should be suited to the audience, with the purpose of the writing clearly stated.
Here, Hugo’s sentence is not specific, it does not specify how much the profits have really increased. "The increase in profit is 10% greater than last year's profit" is a better sentence.
the answer is: A cognitive psychologist enrolls undergraduate students for a computer-based study about the effect of mood on problem-solving behaviors.
Here the requirement for research with human subjects according to the Fed :
"Obtains information or biospecimens through intervention or interaction with the individual, and uses, studies, or analyzes the information or biospecimens; or Obtains, uses, studies, analyzes, or generates identifiable private information or identifiable biospecimens."
The experiment on this ption fulfill the criteria because:
- The experiment should use studies or analytics to obtain some sort of private information from the subjects. (such as their mood)
- The experiment should make some sort of intervention that can be used to measure its hypothesis. (in the case above, the researchers could put the subject under a certain level of stress before telling them to solve a set of problems)
- The researchers need to interact with the subject in a certain way. (since the researchers meet the undergraduate directly, it's considered as an interraction)
The research error described above is an example of selection bias.
Selection bias takes place when, from a population of interest, a group of individuals is selected in order to construct a sample but without a proper randomization. The result is a sample which is not representative of the underlying population.
According to the example, the target population of the research comprises all students but the sample only includes boys. Hence, selection has not been random because it followed a gender criteria, and the results obtained using it cannot be applicable to the whole population because they are affected by a selection bias.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation or most commonly referred to as CPR is administered as an emergency procedure and combines chest compression for artificial ventilation. Those who received this before the arrival of the emergency personnel are more likely to survive. Thus, the answer is the second choice.
