Answer:
a. QRS
Explanation:
In Human anatomy, cardiac cycle can be defined as a complete heartbeat of the human heart which comprises of sequential alternating contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles, therefore causing blood to flow unidirectionally (one direction) throughout the human body.
Generally, the cardiac cycle occurs in two (2) stages;
Diastole : in this stage, the ventricles is relaxed and would be filled with blood.
Systole: at this stage, the muscles contracts and thus, allow blood to be pushed through the atria.
The right atrioventricular valve (AV) comprises of three (3) leaflets (flaps) which opens and closes in order to allow for the flow of blood from the right atrium of the human heart to the right ventricle. Also, the right atrioventricular valve is saddled with the responsibility of preventing blood from flowing backward in the mammalian heart.
The QRS complex represents the time necessary for the impulse to travel through the bundle of His, the bundle branches, and the Purkinje fibers to complete ventricular activation or contraction, known as ventricular depolarization. QRS is simply a combination of the Q-wave, R-wave and the S-wave which represents electrical impulses.
COPD, or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, pretty much says it all. In COPD the Bronchioles (the pathways of air to the Aveoli), become inflamed and are occluded by mucus, because the Cilia which are responsible for pushing it out of the tract have been damaged. Because of the narrowing, the Aveoli attempt to increase the surface area so that more oxygen can be absorbed by the lungs, however this can lead to a problem as the dead space (space that is not the aveoli and can be absorbed) is then expanded as well, which leads to shortness of breath.
Answer:
Aetiology, Pathogenesis, Pathological, Complications
Second option is the answer
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia and most symptoms first appear in their mid-60s :))
