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South America's predominant democratic regimes and its increasing interdependence on regional trade have not precluded the emergence of militarized crises between Colombia and Venezuela or the revival of boundary claims between Chile and Peru. This way, how can we characterize a zone that, in spite of its flourishing democracy and dense economic ties, remain involved in territorial disputes for whose resolution the use of force has not yet been discarded? This article contends that existing classifications of zones of peace are not adequate to explain this unusual coexistence. Thus, its main purpose is to develop a new analytical category of regional peace for assessing this phenomenon: the hybrid peace. It aims to research the evolution of security systems in South America during the previous century and build a new, threefold classification of peace zones: negative peace zones, hybrid peace zones, and positive peace zones.
Explanation:
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Answer:
Geographic coordinates of El Paso, Texas, USA
Latitude: 31°45′31″ N
Longitude: 106°29′12″ W
Elevation above sea level: 1137 m = 3730 ft
City coordinates
city
Coordinates of El Paso in decimal degrees
Latitude: 31.7587200°
Longitude: -106.4869300°
Coordinates of El Paso in degrees and decimal minutes
Latitude: 31°45.5232′ N
Longitude: 106°29.2158′ W
All coordinates are given in the WGS 84 coordinate reference system.
WGS 84 is the latest revision of the World Geodetic System, which is used in mapping and navigation, including GPS satellite navigation system (the Global Positioning System).
Geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) define a position on the Earth's surface. Coordinates are angular units. The canonical form of latitude and longitude representation uses degrees (°), minutes (′), and seconds (″). GPS systems widely use coordinates in degrees and decimal minutes, or in decimal degrees.
Latitude varies from −90° to 90°. The latitude of the Equator is 0°; the latitude of the South Pole is −90°; the latitude of the North Pole is 90°. Positive latitude values correspond to the geographic locations north of the Equator (abbrev. N). Negative latitude values correspond to the geographic locations south of the Equator (abbrev. S).
Longitude is counted from the prime meridian (IERS Reference Meridian for WGS 84) and varies from −180° to 180°. Positive longitude values correspond to the geographic locations east of the prime meridian (abbrev. E). Negative longitude values correspond to the geographic locations west of the prime meridian (abbrev. W).
Elevation above sea level is a measure of a geographic location's height. We are using the global digital elevation model GTOPO30.
Portuguese sugar plantations on African island colony Madeira provided largest market
Introduction of sugarcane to the Americas causes slaves to move to South and Central America
