Answer:
Kinase-connected receptors or receptor tyro-sine kinases react for the most part to protein and chemical go between. A solitary trans membrane helix interfaces the extracellular restricting area to the intra-cellular space. e.g. insulin, development factors. The official of the ligand triggers the commencement of a few succession of occasions related with phosphorylation of proteins, this is called protein kinase course.
For instance, the official of development hormone to the receptor in the plasma layer causes dimerization (by the actuation of Janus kinase 2, JAK2) of the receptor (conformation change) that bring about auto-phosphorylation of tyro-sine buildups. The official of SH2-space (src homology) protein (Grb-2) to the phosphorylated tyro-sine buildups invigorates cell development through a course of protein phosphorylation.
a). RTKs are the trans-membrane receptors, which have a ligand restricting site on the extracellular area and tyro-sine authoritative on the intra-cellular space. In the event that it comes up short on the extracellular area, the ligand can't tie to the receptor site, so no cell reaction happens.
b). On the off chance that it does not have the intra-cellular space, the ligand can tie to the receptor site, the receptor can't impart signs tot eh intra-cellular area because of the absence of intra-cellular space.
Answer: Incorrectly paired nucleotides that still remain following mismatch repair become permanent mutations after the next cell division.
Explanation: If they replicated than the entire thing would copy that and would be permanent.
Fossils are Remains Of Tracers Of Prehistoric Life
Answer:
Amniocentesis is an invasive method that involves the aspiration of 10-20 ml of fetal water through the abdominal wall under ultrasound-guided control. In most cases, the procedure is performed around the 16th week of gestation. The fetal water sample contains fetal cells, mostly cells of fetal skin and the epithelium of the urinary tract.
Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) biopsy is performed between weeks 11 and 12 of gestation. During biopsy, with ultrasound guidance, the tissue of the chorionic fossa is aspirated mainly across the abdomen (transabdominal pathway). The biopsy specimen is of fetal origin and belongs to the outer layer of blastocyst cells or the trophoblast (outer layer of the placenta). Very often, the biopsy specimen contains tissue of the decidua (mucous membrane of the uterus) that is of maternal origin, and it is necessary to remove the maternal tissue before any treatment of the sample.
Explanation:
The amniocentesis procedure carries a risk of miscarriage of 0.5-1%. After aspiration of the fruit of the water, the sample is centrifuged to separate the cells from the amniotic fluid. Separate cells are seeded on a nutrient medium (cell culture) that stimulates cell growth. After about 14 days, the cell culture is further used for various genetic or biochemical analyzes such as karyotyping.
The advantage of chorionic biopsy is the amount of biological material, which is sufficient for the whole a number of different laboratory procedures. Also, a great advantage is the timing of the procedure as it allows diagnosis in the first trimester of pregnancy, but the chorionic biopsy procedure itself carries a risk of miscarriage of 1-2%.
