What led to powerful states becoming a distinct feature of western European society are many, some of which are the following:
At some point in human history many European states conquer and colonize the majority of the world;
Not only that, industrialization began in Western Europe before it later transferred to other parts of the world.
Also, it is believed that most European countries were at some point big spenders when it comes to military technology and scientific advancements even till today.
Currently, the majority of western Europe has a stronger economy compared to the rest of the world.
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Bacon's Rebellion was the result of discontent among backcountry
farmers who had taken the law into their own hands against government
corruption and oppression. Many Virginians were debtors. Borrowing on
the strength of paper money was stopped by the British Government,
leading to more discontent against the merchant classes. Many of the
supporters of the rebellion were indentured servants and slaves, who
were a majority of Virginia's population.
Historians have pointed out that one of the most important reforms made
during Bacon's government was the recognition of the right to bear arms,
so that the common man could defend himself from hostile Indians but
also to oppose a despotic regime. After Berkeley's resumption of power,
this right was one of the first he repealed. Miller suggests it was
Bacon's Rebellion that may have served as one of the motives for later
colonists' insistence the right to bear arms. Historian Stephen Saunders
Webb suggests that Bacon's Rebellion was a revolution, with roots in
the English Civil War and with consequences including the American
Revolutionary War.
It was largely the slaves, servants and poor farmers (many of whom were
former indentured servants) who rebelled. Before the rebellion, African
slaves were rare in Virginia, mainly due to their expense and the lack
of slave traders bringing Africans to Virginia. Many Africans were
brought as indentured servants, becoming free after serving their term
of labor. While indentured servants from Europe continued to play a role
in Virginia after the rebellion, African slave imports grew rapidly and
new laws made slavery lifelong and passed on to one's children,
creating a racially-based class system with Africans at the bottom and
even the poorest European indentured servants above. This broke the
common interest between the poor English and the Africans of Virginia
which had existed during Bacon's Rebellion.
The rebellion strengthened the ties between Virginia south of the James
River and the Albemarle Settlements in present-day North Carolina, while
creating a long-lasting animosity between the two colonies'
governments. The Albemarle region offered refuge for rebels in the
aftermath. In the longer term, North Carolina offered an alternative to
colonists disenchanted with Virginia. </span>
Generally speaking, unlike the system of justice in the united states, medieval justice sometimes relied upon "divine law," in which the criminal justice system was based on religious faith.
Plessy was a citizen who claimed to be seventh eights Caucasian and only one eighth Black. He was imprisoned and trial in a criminal court after an incident that took place while in New Orleans, in 1896, when he tried to board a car designated for hite people. He was denied a seat in the car for white people and urged to take a seat in the car for black people. As Plessy refused on the basis of his predominantly Caucasian race, the train staff arrested him, and then he was put in the parish jail. He was charged with criminal counts, but Plessy requested his case to be presented to the Supreme Court for he deemed there had been violations of the Thirteen and Fourteenth Amendments (abolition of slavery and equal treatment).
The Supreme Court's opinion stated that the treatment based on "equal but separated" did not conflict with the Thirteenth Amendment, for this amendment only protected citizens from being enslaved or forced to involuntary servitude, and no conflict was found with the Fourteenth Amendment since it enforced equality, but it did not specify under which terms. Therefore, the decision of the Supreme Court supported the doctrine "equal but separate" and segregation as well.
