<span>Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air. These substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain.</span>
The resting membrane potential is primarily due to the differences in concentrations of potassium ions.
The high concentration of potassium ions in the intracellular fluid and the high permeability of the cell membrane to potassium ions in comparison to other ions are the main causes of the resting potential.
The potential across a certain cell membrane at rest is known as the resting membrane potential. It is largely determined by the potassium concentration gradient across the cell membrane or the ratio of ICF to ECF potassium in neuromuscular tissues (such as neurons, heart muscle, and skeletal muscle).
The passage of potassium, sodium, calcium, and chloride across the membrane causes variations in its permeability, which in turn affects the resting membrane potential (RMP). The differential in potentials between intracellular and extracellular areas, is acquired by the membrane once it has become polarised.
To learn more about resting membrane potential, refer from
brainly.com/question/8438145
#SPJ4
a. 2 > The 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, differ between males and females (females have two copies of the X chromosome, while males have one X and one Y chromosome). In humans, the sex chromosomes comprise one pair of the total of 23 pairs of chromosomes. The other 22 pairs of chromosomes are called autosomes. <em>Chromosomes are thread-like molecules that carry hereditary information (they are made of protein and one molecule of DNA, which contains an organism's genetic instructions).</em>
Low concentration to high concentration and requires energy
