Answer:
1. The difference between the normal hemoglobin protein DNA sequence and the sickle cell hemoglobin DNA sequence is a base to base shift, in this case adenine (GAG) to thymine (GTG).
2. The difference affects the amino acid sequence of the protein by replacing glutamic acid (Glu) with valine (Val).
Explanation:
In sickle cell anemia, a change in the DNA nucleotide sequence is observed, where adenine is substituted by thymine, whose expression is the change in the amino acid sequence of globine β, incorporating valine instead of glutamic acid. This represents a molecular mutation - point mutation - by subtitution, which corresponds to missense mutation.
<u>Normal hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT GAG GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu Lys Ser
<u>Sickle cell hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT <em>GTG</em> GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro <em>Val</em> Glu Lys Ser
When GAG is transcribed to mRNA, the CUC codon is obtained, which codes for glutamic acid. Thymine substitution causes the DNA sequence to change to GTG, which is transcribed as CAC, the codon that encodes the amino acid valine. The <u>change from glutamic acid to valine in β-globin causes an altered hemoglobin, giving the abnormal erythrocytes observed in sickle cell disease</u>.
Molecules are defined as the smallest particles of a chemical compound or an element, and are made up of atoms. Cells are made up of semi permiable membranes that only allow selected materials to move in or out of the cell, therefore due to the big size of molecules compared to atoms the membrane doesn't allow their passage in the cell. Therefore the cell doesn't allow most molecules to diffuse passively to the cell. Secondly, molecules that can enter the cell requires specific carriers carriers that will enable entry of small molecules in the cell.
I believe you meant to say is this mistake called a base pair and if that is your question then no. it would be called Mutation. But you can double check that answer.
Answer:
ions, glucose and amino acids i think
don't get mad
Explanation:
