The "scissors" of the molecular biology are: DNA Restriction enzymes.
A restriction enzyme is a protein capable of cleaving a DNA fragment at a characteristic nucleotide sequence called a restriction site. Each restriction enzyme thus recognizes a specific site. Several hundred restriction enzymes are currently known.
Naturally present in a large number of species of bacteria, these enzymes have become important tools in genetic engineering.
The "glue" of the molecular biology are: DNA ligase
In molecular biology, DNA ligases are ligase-class enzymes that catalyze the formation of a phosphodiester bond between two segments of DNA. DNA ligases are involved in several essential cellular processes of DNA metabolism: in DNA replication, suture of Okazaki fragments, and in DNA repair and homologous recombination.
The use of these tools in molecular biology: Cloning
Molecular cloning is one of the bases of genetic engineering. It consists of inserting a DNA fragment (called insert) in an appropriate vector such as a plasmid for example. The new plasmid thus created will then be introduced into a host cell, generally the Escherichia coli bacterium. This will then be selected and multiplied to obtain a large amount of the plasmid of interest. Cloning a gene involves inserting it into a plasmid. A clone will be the bacterial transformant that contains this particular plasmid. In this case we speak of clone because all the individuals of the bacterial colony are genetically identical. Molecular cloning is thus different from reproductive cloning (creating an individual genetically identical to another but of a different age) or therapeutic cloning (making tissues from stem cells to perform transplants compatible with the recipient).
Molecular cloning requires restriction enzymes capable of cleaving the DNA, and DNA ligase capable of re-gluing the DNA fragments. Ligase was isolated for the first time from T4 bacteriophage. This enzyme is involved in the repair and replication of DNA. It can bind DNA fragments with compatible sticky ends. At higher concentration, this enzyme is also able to bind two ends of DNA as shown here. T4 DNA ligase works using ATP and Mg ++. It has an activity optimum of 16 ° C, but remains active at room temperature.
A MYSTERIOUS ailment has been devastating the much studied lions of the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania, and scientists said yesterday that it had been identified as canine distemper, a viral disease that causes severe neurological symptoms and death.
Answer: C) They can contain contaminants that can enter the air during storms or high winds.
Explanation: A is wrong because I got it wrong (Sorry, can't give much explanation there).
B is wrong because water contamination does not directly relate to respiratory health.
D is wrong because fertilizers can impact respiratory health (Explanation seems lack-luster, but I feel like this is common sense).
Hope this helps :)
- The anterior pituitary gland's endocrine cells are in contact with hormones that are released.
- Neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus secrete hormones that are released.
- Release of a specific hormone into the bloodstream by endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary gland.
<h3>What is the main function of the hypothalamus?</h3>
Your body's sophisticated control and coordination center is located in your hypothalamus, a structure deep inside your brain. Its major job is to maintain homeostasis, a constant state of equilibrium in your body. It carries out its function through controlling hormones or by directly affecting your autonomic nervous system.
<h3>What are the endocrine cells?</h3>
The gut's endocrine cells are a significant source of the hormones that regulate metabolism, digestion, and appetite. They are mostly found in two places: islets in the pancreas and sporadic clusters in the mucosal epithelium of the gut.
To know more about mucosal epithelium visit :
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Answer:
Environmental Impacts of Climate Change
Climate change may aggravate erosion, decline in organic matter, salinization, soil biodiversity loss, landslides, desertification and flooding. The effect of climate change on soil carbon storage can be related to changing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, increased temperatures and changing precipitation patterns.
