Answer: This answer is for all the questions: Chargaff's rules state that DNA from any species of any organism should have a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of purine and pyrimidine bases (i.e., A+G=T+C) and, more specifically, that the amount of guanine should be equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to thymine.
Explanation:
Answer:
Chordates
Explanation:
The notochord is a flexible, rod like supporting structure, running dorsally for almost the whole length of the body. This is a distinctive feature of a chordate / animals with a back bone (vertebral column) Such animals belong to phylum Chordata.
Answer:
Phloem sap.
Explanation:
A colloid is a combination of different types of molecules mixed through other substances that will not join (form a chemical bond) with the other substance.
Phloem sap is a mixture of water, carbohydrates, hormones and other type of substances flowing together but not bond by a chemical bond.
The correct answer is that "the T cell enters a state of anergy".
The activation of T cells requires two signals: (1) antigen specific signal presented by an antigen presenting cell (either a macrophage or a dendritic cell) that activates t cell receptors and (2) co-stimulatory signals that is not antigen specific but rather found in the plasma membrane of the antigen presenting cell (i.e. CD28). In the absence of a co-stimulatory signal, the t cell will enter a state of anergy or the inability to produce an immune response toward an offending antigen.
