Question

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Answer 1

Answer:

1.

a. Light-dependent phase- The chlorophyll absorbs the sunlight energy and carbon dioxide from the environment.  The energy absorbed is used to convert 6 molecules of carbon dioxide and 6 molecules of water into 1 molecule of sugar and 6 molecules of oxygen, during this process electrons are released with high energy. The electrons go through the electron transfer chain (ETC), igniting the proteins inside the chain to deposit ions into the thylakoid. The hydrogen ions within the thylakoid are transported through ATP synthase to the stroma. During this process, phosphate bonds are transferred to ADP forming ATP. At the end of the ETC NADP+ molecules take up the hydrogen ions forming NADPH. These NADPH molecules are brought to the next phase of photosynthesis.

Light-independent phase- This is the second phase of photosynthesis, also called the Calvin Cycle. During this cycle chemical energy and carbon dioxide are used to make abiding energy storage molecules. ATP and NADPH formed in phase 1 are used to drive the transformation of carbon dioxide into glucose.

b. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide absorbed from the atmosphere to produces glucose that acts as a reactant in cellular respiration to make ATP, and producing the by-products water and carbon dioxide, which is released into the atmosphere, to be used again during photosynthesis. Thus the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration is mutually beneficial.

c. During respiration the photosynthesis products glucose and oxygen are used in the glycolysis cycle to produce pyruvate. Pyruvate travel into the mitochondria it here that pyruvate loses a carbon dioxide molecule. When the two-carbon molecule left is oxidized into carbon dioxide, this carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere.

2. Through the electron transport chain, electrons are transferred within the thylakoid membrane. During this time 12 three-carbon molecules are produced, while simultaneously 2 three- carbon molecules are removed to build organic compounds, leaving 10 molecules to carry on the cycle. The removed carbon molecules bond together to produce a 6 carbon sugar- glucose.

Explanation:

Answer 2

Transitioning between photosynthesis and respiration