The Hypothalamus is responsible for licking and eating reflexes. The licking reflex is seen only certain animals but the centers are located in the medulla oblongata in the lower brainstem.
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation
Answer:
A mutation is generally referred to as certain alternations in the gene whether it may be DNA sequences, which may be beneficial, harmful or of no significance to the mutant gene bearing organisms.
Explanation:
- A mutation that increases the ability to store moisture in a dry environment is obviously beneficial. Because it prevents dehydration and maintains normal functioning in spite of adverse conditions.
- A color mutation that decreases a bird's chances of sexual selection is beneficial in the sense that it prevent certain abnormalities in offspring like sexual dimorphism. Also sexual selection often proves to be a threat to the survival of the organisms as per handicap principle.
- A mutation in non coding region of DNA is harmful, as it is often observed to facilitate expression of wrong proteins at inappropriate places.
- A mutation in the that does not changes protein synthesis increased white pigmentation on a prey animal in snowy environment as it had prevented adaption of the prey and hence harmful for survival of it.
- A mutation decreasing plant's height in competition to light, makes them less exposed to sun energy important for photosynthesis and hence it is harmful for the plant.
Cell interprets a genetic code by reading and interpreting each codon which corresponds to a single amino acid. each three letter "word" in mRNA is a codon. ... Protein synthesis creates proteins from amino acids. DNA replication creates a new DNA molecule from an existing one
The value of n, the Hill coefficient, for hemoglobin is about 2 to 3 times as great as the value for myoglobin.
Hill Equation
The two closely related equations that help to explain the binding of macromolecules to ligands are called the Hill equation. It helps to quantify the interaction between various ligand binding sites.
Hill coefficient
It is used to describe the cooperativity of ligand binding. It can be positive and negative depending on the value of the Hill coefficient. If the value of the Hill coefficient is more than one then it exhibits positively cooperative binding and if it is less than one then it exhibits negatively cooperative binding. Then there is the noncooperative binding where the Hill coefficient value is one. As for the hemoglobin and myoglobin, the values are,
- Hill coefficient of hemoglobin is 2.7 - 3.
- Hill coefficient of myoglobin is 1.0.
Thus hemoglobin is positively cooperative and myoglobin exhibits noncooperative binding.
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