<h2>Membrane potential </h2>
Explanation:
- Membrane potential represents charge difference across the membrane, all biological cells are negative inside (cytoplasm) and positive outside (due to difference in ionic distribution)
- In a typical neuron cell membrane potential of cytoplasm is negative at rest (when no stimulus is applied) hence called resting membrane potential
- Resting membrane potential of excitable cells is established by Na+ and K+pump
- Repolarization starts with the efflux of K+ by the opening of voltage gated K+ channels
- Voltage gated K+ channels starts to open when voltage gated Na+ channels becomes inactive
- Hyperpolarization occurs due to excessive efflux of K+ by voltage gated K+ channels
- Additional efflux of K+ occurs due to slow inactivation of voltage gated K+ channels
Cardiovascular features unique to the Fetus:
Fetal circulation is characterized by low systemic vascular resistance (SVR) with high systemic blood flow and high pulmonary vascular resistance with low pulmonary blood flow.
<h3>What is fetal circulation?</h3>
The embryonic circulatory system directs blood that needs oxygen through three shunts, or microscopic tunnels. These shunts are intended to avoid forming organs like the liver and lungs while the fetus is still in the womb.
The foramen ovale, which carries blood from the right atrium of the heart to the left atrium, and the ductus arteriosus, which takes blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, are the two shunts that bypass the lungs.
Through the placenta, the mother's blood supplies the fetus with nutrition and oxygen. The enhanced blood divides into three branches as it travels via the umbilical cord to the liver.
Learn more about fetal circulation with the help of the given link:
brainly.com/question/7191531
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Answer: Mesopotamia, china, indus River Valley, the mesoamerican empires..... in this case, the two rivers are the tigris and Euphrates. Mesopotamia. The name Mesopotamia was given to the middle eastern civilizations that existed between the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers. :)
Answer:
adaptation-the inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival and to reproduce.
fitness -the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
Your correct answer would be B hope this helps
