Answer:
Detailed explanations are given below in the explanation section
Step-by-step explanation:
1) Cases:
100 penguins that were randomly assigned to two groups.
Variables:
Independent variables (Input variables):
i)Electronic tag
ii) metal strip tag for penguins.
Dependent variables (Output variables):
i) Survival rates
ii) number of chicks
iii) foraging trips
2) It is an experimental study
An observational study is a study where nothing changes and only the record of what is seen is documented, but an experimental study is where there are control and testable groups. In an observational study, the researcher has no control over the variable, but in this study, the researcher tagged the penguins with either a metal strip or an electronic tag, I.e. they have control over the input variables. This makes it an experimental study.
3)Yes, we can conclude that the metal tag is causing the problems
This conclusion is valid because:
i) The number of sample used I.e. 100 penguins is large enough
ii) The tags were randomly assigned to the penguins which eradicates any form of bias
iii) The experiment was carried out for a period of time i.e. 10 years sufficient to come by a reasonable conclusion.
