Q1: The answer is seasonal changes.
Q3: The answer is sodium.
Q4: Not sure, sorry.
Q5: And then I think it is A for this one, but I am not sure.
brain or nervous system cells are called as neurons
The insulin receptors have specific shape that is compatible to the glucose molecules. The glucose molecules bind to these receptors, which tells the pancreas to release insulin in order to lower the blood glucose level. Any kind of change in the shape of these receptors because of mutation will hinder this cell communication and stop the insulin release. This will lead to high levels of blood sugar level.
I believe the answer is that the CFCs cause low ozone concentrations in the atmosphere.
Sorry if I'm wrong, hope this helps.