Question

Which is/are part of the macroscopic domain of solutions and which is/are part of the microscopic domain: boiling point elevation, Henry’s law, hydrogen bond, ion-dipole attraction, molarity, nonelectrolyte, osmosis, solvated ion?

Answer 1

Answer:

Macroscopic domain: Boiling point elevation, Henry's law, molarity, osmosis.

Microscopic domain: Hydrogen bond, ion-dipole attraction, nonelectrolyte, solvated ion.

Explanation:

A solution is composed of a solute (in high quantity) and one or more solute, which are dissolved in it. The properties of the solution can be characterized and measured in the macroscopic domain, or the microscopic domain when it's observed in the interactions with the molecules.

Boiling point elevation: It happens because the nonvolatile solvents interact with the solute, and so it will be difficult to boil it. The boiling point is a property of all the substance, and so, it can be noticed in the macroscopic domain.

Henry's law: States that the solubilization of a gas in a liquid depends on the partial pressure of the gas and by a proportional constant. Thus, the solubility of a gas is how much moles are dissolved in the volume of the solution, and so it's part of the macroscopic domain.

Hydrogen bond: It's an intermolecular interaction that happens in polar molecules that have bonds between hydrogen and a high electronegative element (N, O, or F). So, it's part of the microscopic domain.

Ion-dipole attraction: It's also an interaction that happens between an ion and a polar compound, so it's part of the microscopic domain.

Molarity: It represents how much moles of the solute is dissolved in the solution, so it's part of the macroscopic domain.

Nonelectrolyte: An electrolyte compound is the one which dissociates or ionizes, in the solvent, and because of that the solution can conduct electricity. A nonelectrolyte doesn't have this property. Because it depends on how the ions and molecules behave in solution, it's part of the microscopic domain.

Osmosis: Is the property of the solvent to go through a membrane from a side with fewer solutes (less concentrated) to another with more solute (high concentrated). So, it depends on the total amount of the solute, and so it's part of the macroscopic domain.

Solvated ion: A solvated ion is an ion that is surrounded by another ion, or by molecules, such water. So, it's part of the microscopic domain.