Neural impulses are transmitted to bipolar cells when light energy enters the eye and triggers CHEMICAL CHANGES in the rods and cones. This process is known as phototransduction.
Phototransduction refers to the process by which photoreceptors convert light into electrical signals.
Photoreceptors (i.e., rod and cone cells) are specialized cells in the retina of the eye which are capable of converting light into electrical signals and thus trigger different physiological processes.
Phototransduction is triggered by the activation of signaling proteins, that open or close ion membrane channels in photoreceptor cells.
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These reactions require three ATP molecules. RuBP is thus regenerated to begin the cycle again. G3P produced by the Calvin cycle is the raw material used to synthesize glucose and other carbohydrates. The Calvin cycle uses 18 ATP and 12 NADPH molecules to produce one glucose molecule.
as insects became exposed to pyrethroids, toxicity of pyrethroids weakened over time. which means that Most insects had the allele for pyrethroid resistance, but it remained masked. The allele for said pyrethroid resistance, evidently increased throughout the population.
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