There are two branches of the autonomic nervous system, namely the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous systems. Both of which regulates bodily functions involuntarily but in different manners. The parasympathetic system is the system primarily activated in "relaxed" states or "rest and digest" states. These include digestion, urination, slowing of heart rate, slowing of respiratory rate, etc. The sympathetic nervous system on the other hand is primarily activated by "flight or flight" response such as rage or fear. These include inhibition of digestion, increase in heart rate and respiratory rate, sweating, etc.
The question is incomplete. The complete question is as follows:
Which of the following mutations is most likely to cause a phenotypic change?
A) a duplication of all or most introns
B) a large inversion whose ends are each in intergenic regions
C) a nucleotide substitution in an exon coding for a transmembrane domain
D) a single nucleotide deletion in an exon coding for an active site
E) a frameshift mutation one codon away from the 3' end of the nontemplate strand
Answer: D) a single nucleotide deletion in an exon coding for an active site
Explanation:
Deletion or insertion of a single nucleotide in an axon coding for an active site is called frameshift mutation.
The sequence of codons is read during translation, in order to synthesize a amino acids chain and form a protein from the nucleotide sequence. Frameshift mutations occur when the usual codon sequence is broken by the deletion or addition of one or more nucleotides. For example, if only one nucleotide is removed from the axon sequence during the RNA splicing process, then there will be a disrupted reading frame for all codons before and after the mutation. This may result in several incorrect amino acids being introduced into the protein. Disruption in protein sequence will cause phenotypic change.
Hence, the correct option is D) a single nucleotide deletion in an exon coding for an active site
.
Answer:
B.
Explanation:
Glucose is an organic molecule that stores ATP or energy while Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an energy-carrying molecule.
ATP used as an active energy source over glucose because ATP is a shorter process and releases energy in a single reaction as glucose first converted into ATP and then used as energy in cellular respiration.
Hence, the correct option is "B".
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Answer:
0, 2, 4
Explanation:
The process of cellular respiration takes place in for phases which oxidizes the glucose molecule to the provide energy molecule called ATP.
Along with ATP, the process releases the metabolic water and carbon dioxide gas. In the oxidation of one glucose molecules, about 6 molecules of CO₂ are released. These CO₂ molecules are produced in the following manner:
1. Glycolysis: CO₂ gas is not produced during this reaction but only ATP and NADH are produced.
2. Pyruvate decarboxylation: the process converts the pyruvate produced by glycolysis to Acetyl-CoA. Formation of 1 Acetyl-CoA produces 1 CO₂ and since 2 Acetyl-CoA is produced therefore produces 2 CO₂ molecules.
3. Citric acid cycle: The cycle converts 2 Acetyl-CoA and produces 4 CO₂ in two cycles converting each Acetyl-CoA.
Thus, 0, 2, 4 is correct.
