The name of the embedded protein that provides a channel for the hydrogen ions to pass through the membrane is ATP synthase.
ATP synthase is a protein that catalyzes the formation of the energy storage molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). It is classified under ligases as it changes ADP by the formation of P-O bond (phosphodiester bond). ATP synthase is a molecular machine.
The overall reaction catalyzed by ATP synthase is:
ADP + Pi + 2H+(out) ⇌ ATP + H2O + 2H+(in)
The formation of ATP from ADP and Pi is energetically unfavorable and would normally proceed in the reverse direction. In order to drive this reaction forward, ATP synthase couples ATP synthesis during cellular respiration to an electrochemical gradient created by the difference in proton (H+) concentration across the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes or the plasma membrane in bacteria. During photosynthesis in plants, ATP is synthesized by ATP synthase using a proton gradient created in the thylakoid lumen through the thylakoid membrane and into the chloroplast stroma.
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Answer:
DNA can replicate itself because its two strands are complementary. This means that one strand can be used as a template to make the other strand. It happens right before cell division via mitosis or meiosis so that each new daughter cell can have a complete genome.
Before replication can start, the double strands of DNA need to separate from each other. An enzyme called DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds that connect the two strands, allowing them to come apart.
The point where this unzipping starts is called an origin point. Eukaryotic DNA can have more than one origin point, but prokaryotes can only have one.
The points where DNA is currently unwinding are called replication forks.
A comparison of eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA replication
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Answer:
Time in space is measured using the speed of light.
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