Committed.
A committed facility is a credit facility whereby terms and conditions are clearly defined by the lending institution and imposed upon the borrowing company.
Answer:
A. Deadweight loss = 125 units.
B. Deadweight loss = 25 units.
Explanation:
In a free market and completely efficient economy, the consumer surplus equals the producer surplus. Both benefits of free trade. When consumers o producers have a minor surplus, necessarily implies a loss on eficiency, usually caused by government regulations like taxes or price ceilings.
The amount of welfare lost is measure by the difference between consumer and producer surplus.
In the first case:
|Consumer surplus - producer surplus| = 25 units
|250- 125| = 125 units
And in the second case:
|180- 155| = 25 units
Answer:
a)$103.309 million initially b)$83.309 million c)240070 bonds more
Here is the complete question:
A firm with an A rating plans to issue one million units of a 10 year-4% bond with face value $100. After the financial crisis this firm is downgraded to a B rating. The yield curve increases 0.2% per year. The yield for year 1 is y1=1%, for year 2 is y2=1.2%, y3=1.4% and so on and y10=2.8%. The default spreads are given in the table below.
(a) What is the initial amount (before downgrading) the firm wants to raise?
(b) How much can this now B rated firm raise?
(c) If the firm wants to raise the planned amount, how many more bonds does it issue?
Rating Default spread
AAA 0.20%
AA 0.40%
A+ 0.60%
A 0.80%
A- 1.00%
BBB 1.50%
BB+ 2.00%
BB 2.50%
B+ 3.00%
B 3.50%
B- 4.50%
CCC 8.00%
CC 10.00%
C 12.00%
D 20.00%
Explanation: The explanation is found in the attachment
Answer:
message flows are modeled with solid arrows
Explanation:
In Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), message flows are used in the collaboration diagram to show how two or more distinct processes within the model, communicate and collaborate with each other without any form of central control.
Dash lines together with an empty circle are used for the message flow to show where the message comes from and an empty arrow head is used to show where the message would be terminating in the model.
