Answer:
Vroom's expectancy theory
Explanation:
Vroom's Expectancy theory states that three factors determine how motivated people will be. They are; expectancy, valence and instrumentality.
Expectancy is how employees expect they will perform or the effort they will have to put in to produce a certain level of performance.
Instrumentality relates to the belief that performance will achieve the required results and yield certain rewards.
Valence refers to how much employees value the rewards they receive.
Variable cost refers to the costs of production that fluctuate depending on the number of units produced.
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The cost of any product that changes based on the quantity of goods that are produced. The volume that is produced decides the fluctuations in the variable cost. Fixed cost is the cost that will not change based on the number of units of the goods that is produced. Rent of a building can be considered as a fixed cost.
Example for variable cost may be raw materials cost, packaging cost,etc. Variable cost can be calculated by adding up the cost of labor and raw materials that are used in the production of one unit of a good. The total variable cost can be calculated by multiplying variable cost per unit with the number of units produced.
It helps an organization because that is their rules and regulations and standards that employers have to follow. An example of how the manual can help an organization is if you purchase something and the policy says you have 30 days to return it and you return it 31 days later they will not be able to take it because that is one of their rules.
Answer:
Placebo effect
Explanation:
Placebo effect occurs when an individual starts to show positive response to an inactive substance after being told the substance has powers to cure.
The person's mind subconsciously helps him heal or perform better on the false belief that the substance is effective.
In the given scenario Jeanne labelled decaffeinated coffee as caffeinated coffee. On consumption her co-workers claimed that the extra boost of caffeine helped them focus on their work.
This is a placebo effect.
Answer:
31.12
Explanation:
Given that,
Growing at a constant rate = 6.5%
Firm’s last dividend, R = 3.36
Required rate of return = 18%
Expected dividend next year = 3.36 × (1 + 6.5%)
= 3.5784
Market value of stock:
= Expected dividend next year ÷ ( required return - growth rate)
= 3.5784 ÷ (0.18-0.065)
= 31.11652
= 31.12
