Answer:
a. Chemiosmosis requires the formation of an electron gradient.
b. In aerobic eukaryotes, chemiosmosis leads to the production of water and up to 34 ATP.
c. In eukaryotes, chemiosmosis requires that protons diffuse through ATP synthase in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Explanation:
Chemiosmosis theory has been proposed for understanding the procedure for the production of ATP in eukaryotic organisms. In the process of chemiosmosis the movement of ions takes place across the semi-permeable membrane according to the concentration gradient. In the whole procedure the electrons move through various complexes and electron acceptors and finally reach to the final electron acceptor, the Oxygen. Due to the movement of electrons the energy is released which is used to pump the protons across the membrane.
Answer:
PFK (protein): cytoplasm only (targeting pathway)
Insulin (protein): ER->Golgi->outside cell
Explanation:
Translation can be described as the mechanism by which a protein is produced through a mRNA.
If a particular protein is to function inside the same cell, then it doesn't need to get any modification so that it can travel outside the cell. Such type of proteins are translated on free cytoplasmic ribosomes and are released directly into the cytoplasm to perform their function. For example, PFK protein.
If a protein has to function outside the cell where it is produced, then it has to be modified. Such type or proteins are translated on the rough ER. They are then modified in the Golgi complex and then transported outside the cell to the area where they have to function. For example, insulin.
The radiometric dating was off due to loss of daughter isotopes.
Hydroxyl groups make sugars more water soluble. Your answer is B
What would most likely reduce the bias present in Elias' experimental design would be to not ask just the members of his high school team to be the subjects because they represent a very specific group of people. It would be much better to use a random group of people and have them do the same thing.
