The plasma membrane of the enveloped alga cell serves as the source of the apicoplast's second outermost membrane.
<h3>Where did all chloroplasts come from?</h3>
Chloroplasts were first established in eukaryotes through an endosymbiotic relationship with a cyanobacterium; they later spread through the evolution of eukaryotic hosts and the subsequent engulfment of eukaryotic algae by formerly nonphotosynthetic eukaryotes.
<h3>How did eukaryotic cells develop mitochondria and chloroplasts?</h3>
Chloroplasts and mitochondria most likely developed from engulfed bacteria that once existed as autonomous organisms. An aerobic bacterium was eventually swallowed by a eukaryotic cell, which later established an endosymbiotic bond with the host eukaryote and gradually transformed into a mitochondrion.
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After crystal violet staining, the Gram-positive bacteria may appear dark blue or violet. The cell wall of gram positive bacteria have thick peptidoglycan layer, thus it retains the crystal violet stain compared to gram negative bacteria.
Explanation:
If the concentration of molecules outside the cell is very high relative to the internal cell concentration, the rate of diffusion will also be high. If the internal and external concentrations are similar (low concentration gradient) the rate of diffusion will be low.
Substances and exposures that can lead to cancer are called carcinogens. Some carcinogens do not affect DNA directly, but lead to cancer in other ways. For example, they may cause cells to divide at a faster than normal rate, which could increase the chances that DNA changes will occur.
Keratin is the protein deposited in the outer layer of skin
