3 mutation. Mutation is when a gene is changed with no apparent cause mutation is your answer :}
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D. Both competition and environmental filtering shape community structure.
Explanation:
Based on competition theory, two organisms occupying the same ecological niche can only coexist provided there is spatial or conditioning niche partitioning.This prevent competitive exclusion , ensuring survival of the two species in their niche. Since the two species developed greater variability in (over-dispersed traits) to resist the selection pressure,(competition).Many overdisperesed traits is present in the communities.
However environmental filtering, is concerned with selection of species with natural ability or triats to survive in a given communities,Thus if two species of organism meet the same ecologocal requirements in a community, environmental filtering, fitters them and ensure their survival ahead of others who do not meet the requirements, and could not survive.
Thus the simultaneous operation of theses two opposing selection pressures, structured communities ensuring coexistence and favoured ability of organism to survive.
<span>Water flows downhill, eroding the host rock to make it smooth. Water cleanses the ironbearing minerals, which helps to delineate the crystal faces. Water boils the rocks that it comes in contact with, causing them to liquefy and slowly cool and harden into a new, stable state. Water interferes with mineral crystallization, thereby delaying the process of metamorphism. Water migrates into host rock carrying ions to stable minerals in order to facilitate growth of new metamorphic minerals. </span>
I believe you are talking about Stem Cells.
If the original cell had 52 chromosomes then the two daughter cells produced would be identical, both with 52 chromosomes
