C. testable and observable
The correct answer is none of the above.
Bacterial cells can transfer genetic material through a process called bacterial conjugation. This process involves the direct physical contact of the bacterial cells and a horizontal gene transfer. The genes which are transferred are most of the times beneficial for the recipient, such as genes for antibiotic resistance.
In this example, bacterial cells cannot have physical contact, since they are separated by a glass filter. Therefore, the bacterial conjugation cannot happen. Given that no gene transfer can be achieved, the AY strain remains bio- trp- and is unable to grow on any medium that lacks bio or/and trp.
Most of the downsides of recombinant DNA technology are ethical in nature. Some people feel that recombinant DNA technology goes against the laws of nature, or against their religious beliefs, due to how much control this technology gives humans over the most basic buildings blocks of life.
Other ethical concerns also exist. Some people worry that if companies can pay scientists to patent, buy and sell genetic material, then genetic material could become an expensive commodity. Such a system might lead to people having their genetic information stolen and used without permission. It may sound odd, but such cases have already happened. In 1951, a scientist used unique cells stolen from a woman named Henrietta Lacks to create an important cell line (the HeLa cell line) which is still used in medical research today. Her family did not know about her involuntary donation until after her death, and never received compensation, but others have profited from the use of HeLa cells.
Many people worry about the safety of modifying food and medicines using recombinant DNA technology. Although genetically modified foods seem safe in multiple studies, it is easy to see why such fears exist.
Hope this helps
The purpose of a bacterium's capsule is protection.
<h3>What use does the capsule of a bacteria serve?</h3>
White blood cells may eat and kill pathogens, but capsules could stop that from happening (phagocytosis). Although the precise mechanism for avoiding phagocytosis is unknown, it may occur because the presence of capsules makes the surface elements of bacteria more slippery, preventing the bacterium from being absorbed by phagocytic cells.
Capsules comprised of bacterial defenses and the host. The main function of the capsules of pathogenic bacteria is to prevent opsonophagocytosis or in the case of Gram-negative bacteria, complement-mediated lysis by shielding the bacterial surface from interactions with the host immune system.
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