Answer:
The simultaneous effect of a predator population on a prey population and a prey population on a predator population over time.
Explanation:
The mathematical models of Lotka-Volterra equations explain the existing interaction between species in which prey and predator influence and affect each other. The model follows a few assumptions,
- The ecosystem is isolated and closed. There is no migration.
- The whole individuals are reproductively equivalent.
- In the absence of the predator, prey shows an exponential growth rate. The prey is in the ideal environment.
- When there is no prey, the predator population decreases exponentially because of the lack of food. The predator environment is ideal, but it is limited by prey density.
- The predation rate is proportional to the encounters rate, which also depends on density.
- The predators affect the prey populations, inducing its decrease proportionally to the number of prey and predators present.
- The prey population also influences the predator population proportionally to the number of encounters between the two species.
In these equations, the variable D is the number of predators, and P the number of prey items.
The parameters are always constant:
• r1: prey growth rate.
• a1: predator hunting success.
• r2: predator growth rate.
• a2: the success of the predator in hunting and feeding.
In nature, many factors affect interactions, such as dense-dependent factors and dense-independent factors. Also, in reality, there are stochastic factors. Stochasticity refers to the variability in the system involving those factors that are affecting or influencing population growth. Stochasticity might be related to good years and bad years for population growth.
In real situations, the compliance of the whole assumption does not occur. The previously mentioned constants might vary, constantly changing the interaction between the predator and the prey. These parameters change in different degrees, resulting in varying circumstances for both species.
UEFI stands for the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface. It <span>is a specification for a software program that connects a computer's firmware to its operating system (OS). </span>
Before updating the UEFI firmware if possible you should backup existing UEFI settings, and connect computer to an U-Power Supply.
Answer:
Both plant and animal cells have a nucleus, where DNA replication takes place. Both plant and animal cells have cell walls, which provide support for the cell. Both plant and animal cells have a large central vacuole, which stores enzymes, nutrients, and waste for the cell.
Explanation:
The answer is: "2A" or "IIA" or "2" or "II";
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In which "II" stands for the Roman numeral representing the number: "2 (two)".
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Answer:
Yes, 75%
Explanation:
Since the first offspring produced between the ram and the ewe was black you can determine that both sheep have a recessive and dominant allele. Both of the parent's genotypes would be Ww, this is because they both have the white phenotype and they were able to produce a black offspring. Since both parents have a genotype of Ww the probability of a black offspring being produced is 25% and 75% for a white lamb.
